Problem: Fred is the only man alive who still remembers my father as an infant. When Fred first saw my father , *he* was twelve years old.

Are "he" and "my father" the same?
Answer: no

Problem: Even before they reached town , they could hear a sound like corn popping. Dora asked what *it* was, and Dad said it was firecrackers.

Are "it" and "sound" the same?
Answer: yes

Problem: Fred covered his eyes with his hands , because the wind was blowing sand around. He opened *them* when the wind stopped.

Are "them" and "his hands" the same?
Answer: no

Problem: Paul tried to call George on the phone, but *he* wasn't available.

Are "he" and "Paul" the same?
Answer:
no