Problem: Tom threw his schoolbag down to Ray after *he* reached the bottom of the stairs.

Are "he" and "Tom" the same?
Answer: no

Problem: Madonna fired her trainer because she couldn't stand *her* boyfriend.

Are "her" and "Madonna" the same?
Answer: no

Problem: James asked Robert for a favor but *he* was refused.

Are "he" and "Robert" the same?
Answer: no

Problem: James asked Robert for a favor but *he* refused.

Are "he" and "James" the same?
Answer:
no