Assume that we have 100 pages of physical memory. Let's start at time t = 0. You want to serve the request: + 2 100 --> starting a process and allocating memory is very fast in our simulation, this happens instantnously: T doesn't change (== 0) w 2 42 --> writing page 42 takes T_mem_access. T += T_mem_access + 3 70 --> here we want to start process 3, which needs 70 pages of memory. This requires swapping process 2 out, meaning you've to write 100 pages to disk: T += 100 * T_disk_write w 3 21 --> reading page 21: T += T_mem_access r 2 42 --> swapping out process 3: T += T_disk_write * 70 swapping in process 2: T += T_disk_read * 100 reading page 42: T += T_mem_access ---> total time = T ---> number of accesses: 3 (two write, one read) ---> average memory utilization: % memory used on average: 100 % (+ 2 100) 70 % (+ 3 70) 100 % (+ 2 42) ----- 90 %