-- Table structure for table `properties`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `properties` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `property` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `description` text,
  `author` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `date` date default NULL,
  `time` datetime default NULL,
  `created_at` datetime default NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime default NULL,
  `comments` text,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=476 ;

--
-- Dumping data for table `properties`
--

INSERT INTO `properties` (`id`, `property`, `description`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`, `comments`) VALUES
(440, 'Auxiliary Selection', 'The property Auxiliary Selection has the value “yesâ€ when the language has an active perfect aspect (or past tense) that makes use of a past participle and an auxiliary verb where the auxiliary verb alternates between "have" or "be" depending on various factors. Some factors known to influence auxiliary selection include verb class (unergative versus unaccusative), transitivity, and person features of the subject.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: This property is defined for a language only if: (a) the language has main verb "have", (b) the language uses auxiliary verbs in the formation of the perfect (past). Otherwise, the language is NA for this property.<br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n\r\n1. <br>\r\nItalian is "yes" for Auxiliary Selection, since the intransitive verb "telephone" \r\ntakes a different auxiliary verb from the intransitive verb "arrive" in the past.<br><br>\r\n\r\nGianni ha/*è telefonato<br>\r\nG.       has/*is telephoned<br>\r\n"Gianni called."<br><br>\r\n\r\nGianni è/*ha   arrivato<br>\r\nG.       is/*has arrived <br>\r\n"Gianni arrived."<br><br>\r\n\r\n2.	<br>\r\nEnglish is “noâ€ for auxiliary selection since English expresses the perfect with the verb “haveâ€, but it never expresses the perfect with the verb “beâ€:<br><br>\r\n\r\nJohn has left.<br>\r\n*John is left.<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)\r\n\r\n', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-21 19:36:54', '2009-06-01 15:20:26', NULL),
(441, 'Verb Object', 'The property Verb Object has the value "yes" when a verb can precede its object in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The clause in this property is an active (non-passive) declarative (non-interrogative) clause. The object in this property is a noun phrase (we exclude pronouns). As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b><a href="/glossary#object">Definition of Object</a></b><br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>:\r\nA "yes" value for Verb Object does not exclude a "yes" value for  Object Verb. In other words, a language could allow both orders in a neutral context.\r\n<br><br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: Since all languages have verbs and objects, no language will have the value NA for this property.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nExamples:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is "yes" for the property Verb Object.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nI see the house.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nGerman is "yes" for Verb Object because of\r\nsentences such as the following:\r\n<br><br>\r\nHans sah die Tasse.<br>\r\nHans saw the mug<br>\r\n“Hans saw the mug.â€<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.\r\nSimilarly, German is "yes" for Object Verb because of sentences like these where the main verb follows the object:\r\n<br><br>\r\nHans hat die Tasse gesehen.<br>\r\nHans has the mug   seen<br>\r\n"Hans has seen the mug"<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn other words, German is "yes" for both Verb Object, and Object Verb.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nNote: in determining whether a language allows the order Verb Object or Object Verb, it is necessary to look at the order of the main verb and its object, not the order of the auxiliary verb and the object of the clause.<br><br>\r\n\r\n 4.<br>\r\nJapanese is "no" for the property Verb Object because this order is always ungrammatical, as illustrated in the following example:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n *dareka-ga      otosi-ta    koppu-o<br>\r\n  someone-Nom  drop-Past   cup-Acc<br>\r\n  "Someone dropped a cup."<br>\r\n(* stands for ungrammatical)\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-02-25', '2009-02-25 20:59:00', '2009-02-25 20:59:56', '2009-05-30 10:28:42', NULL),
(442, 'Object Verb', 'The property Object Verb has the value "yes" when a verb can follow its object in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The clause in this property is an active (non-passive) declarative (non-interrogative) clause. The object in this property is a noun phrase (we exclude pronouns). As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b><a href="/glossary#object">Definition of Object</a></b><br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: A "yes" value for Object Verb does not exclude a "yes" value for  Verb Object. In other words, a language could allow both orders in a neutral context.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: Since all languages have verbs and objects, no language will have the value NA for this property.<br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish does have Object Verb word orders, but they are not used in neutral contexts.<br><br>\r\nSo English is “noâ€ for Object Verb:<br><br>\r\n\r\nA: What happened?<br>\r\nB: I dropped the mug.<br>\r\nB'': #The mug, I dropped. (object precedes verb)<br>\r\n(# stands for grammatical but not appropriate)<br><br>\r\n\r\n2.<br>\r\nGerman is "yes" for Object Verb because of sentences like these where the main verb follows the object:<br><br>\r\n\r\nHans hat die Tasse gesehen.<br>\r\nHans has the mug   seen<br>\r\n"Hans has seen the mug"<br><br>\r\n\r\nNote: in determining whether a language allows the order Verb Object or Object Verb, it is necessary to look the order of the main verb and its object, not the order of the auxiliary verb and the object of the clause.<br><br>\r\n\r\n3.<br>\r\nGerman is also "yes" for Verb Object because of sentences such as the following:<br><br>\r\n\r\nHans sah die Tasse.<br>\r\nHans saw the mug<br>\r\n“Hans saw the mug.â€<br><br>\r\n\r\nIn other words, German is "yes" for both Verb Object, and Object Verb.<br><br>\r\n\r\n 4.<br>\r\n Japanese is "yes" for the property Object Verb:<br><br>\r\n\r\n dareka-ga      koppu-o   otosi-ta.<br>\r\n someone-Nom cup-Acc  drop-Past<br>\r\n "Someone dropped a cup."<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-02-25', '2009-02-25 21:00:00', '2009-02-25 21:00:11', '2009-05-30 10:24:48', NULL),
(443, 'Adjective Noun', 'The property Adjective Noun has the value "yes" when an adjective can precede the noun it modifies in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. This definition concerns attributive adjectives that modify a noun such as “big ballâ€, not predicate adjectives such as “bigâ€ in the sentence “The ball is big.â€ The noun should be a common noun such as "book", "person", "house", etc. (as opposed to a proper noun, pronoun, or quantificational expressions like “somethingâ€). As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for Adjective Noun does not exclude a "yes" value for Noun Adjective. In other words, a language could allow both orders in a neutral context.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n <b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means that the language has either no nouns or no adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1. <br>\r\nEnglish is "yes" for the property Adjective Noun: <br>\r\n<br>\r\nIt is a red ball.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2. <br>\r\nEnglish is also “yesâ€ for the property Noun Adjective because of a substantial number of examples such as:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nThe people present,<br>\r\nThe students involved,<br>\r\nThe man responsible<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn other words, English is “yesâ€ for both the property Adjective Noun and the property Noun Adjective.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3. <br>\r\nFrench is "yes" for the property Adjective Noun since there is a class of adjectives that precede the noun: <br>\r\n<br>\r\nUne          belle                   maison<br>\r\na.F     beautiful.F    house<br>\r\n“A beautiful houseâ€ <br>\r\n<br>\r\n4. <br>\r\nFrench is also "yes" for the property Noun Adjective, since there are adjectives that follow the noun in French: <br>\r\n<br>\r\nUn            homme  intéressant<br>\r\na.M   man       interesting.M<br>\r\n"An interesting man"<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn other words, French is “yesâ€ for both the property Adjective Noun and the property Noun Adjective. <br>\r\n<br>\r\n5. <br>\r\nJapanese is "yes" for the property Adjective Noun: <br>\r\n<br>\r\nookina    ie<br>\r\nbig        house<br>\r\n"a big house"<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-02-25', '2009-02-25 21:00:00', '2009-02-25 21:00:30', '2009-06-03 18:11:37', NULL),
(444, 'Noun Adjective', 'The property Noun Adjective has the value "yes" when an adjective can follow the noun it modifies in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. This definition concerns attributive adjectives that modify a noun such as “big ballâ€, not predicate adjectives such as “bigâ€ in the sentence “The ball is big.â€ The noun should be a common noun such as "book", "person", "house", etc. (as opposed to a proper noun, pronoun, or expressions like “somethingâ€). As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for Noun Adjective does not exclude a "yes" value for Adjective Noun. In other words, a language could allow both orders in a neutral context.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n <b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA means that the language has either no nouns or no adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is “yesâ€ for the property Noun Adjective because of a substantial number of examples such as:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nThe people present,<br>\r\nThe students involved,<br>\r\nThe man responsible<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2. <br>\r\nEnglish is also "yes" for the property Adjective Noun: <br>\r\n<br>\r\nIt is a red ball.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn other words, English is “yesâ€ for both the property Noun Adjective and the property Adjective Noun.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3. <br>\r\nFrench is "yes" for the property Noun Adjective, since there are adjectives that follow the noun in French:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nUn homme intéressant<br>\r\na.M man interesting.M<br>\r\n"An interesting man"<br>\r\n<br>\r\n4. <br>\r\nFrench is also "yes" for the property Adjective Noun since there is a class of adjectives that precede the noun: <br>\r\n<br>\r\nUne belle maison<br>\r\na.F beautiful.F house<br>\r\n"A beautiful house" <br>\r\n<br>\r\n5.<br>\r\nEwe is "yes" for Noun Adjective:<br>\r\n<br>\r\navu nyuie<br>\r\ndog good<br>\r\n"a good dog"<br>\r\n<br>\r\n6.<br>\r\nJapanese is "no" for the property Noun Adjective, since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*ie ookina<br>\r\nhouse big<br>\r\n"big house"<br><br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-02-25', '2009-02-25 21:00:00', '2009-02-25 21:00:49', '2009-06-03 18:14:31', NULL),
(445, 'Subject Verb Object', 'The property Subject Verb Object has the value "yes" when the order Subject Verb Object can be used in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The clause in this property is an active (non-passive) declarative (non-interrogative) clause. In this property, the subject and object are not pronouns. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#subject">Definition of Subject</a></b>\r\n<br><b><a href="/glossary#object">Definition of Object</a></b><br><!--In an active (non-passive) sentence with an action verb (e.g. "Bill pet the dog") and two noun phrase arguments, the subject is the noun phrase argument referring to the one who performs the action (agent) and the object is the other noun phrase argument.<br>-->\r\n<br>\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>:<br>\r\nA "yes" value for Subject Verb Object does not exclude a "yes" value for any other order of these categories.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: All known languages have subjects and objects in the defined sense, so this property is always defined and never has the value NA.<br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is “yesâ€ for Subject Verb Object;<br><br>\r\n\r\nJohn saw the airplane<br><br>\r\n\r\n2.<br>\r\nJapanese is “noâ€ for Subject Verb Object, since this order is always ungrammatical:<br><br>\r\n\r\n*dareka-ga		otosi-ta 	koppu-o.<br>\r\n  someone-NOM	drop-PST	cup-ACC<br>\r\n  “Someone dropped a cup.â€', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:23:00', '2009-03-10 17:24:23', '2009-05-30 10:28:14', NULL),
(446, 'Subject Object Verb', 'The property Subject Object Verb has the value "yes" when the order Subject Object Verb can be used in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The clause in this property is an active (non-passive) declarative (non-interrogative) clause.  In this property, the subject and object are not pronouns. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#subject">Definition of Subject</a></b>\r\n<br><b><a href="/glossary#object">Definition of Object</a></b><br><!--In an active (non-passive) sentence with an action verb (e.g. "Bill pet the dog") and two noun phrase arguments, the subject is the noun phrase argument referring to the one who performs the action (agent) and the object is the other noun phrase argument.<br>--><br>\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>:<br>\r\nA "yes" value for Subject Object Verb does not exclude a "yes" value for any other order of these categories. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: All known languages have subjects and objects in the defined sense, so this property is always defined and never has the value NA.<br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n\r\n1. <br>\r\nJapanese is “yesâ€ for the property Subject Object Verb:<br><br>\r\n\r\ndareka-ga         koppu-o   otosi-ta.<br>\r\n someone-Nom cup-Acc  drop-Past<br>\r\n "Someone dropped a cup."<br><br>\r\n\r\n2.<br>\r\nEnglish is “noâ€ for the property Subject Object Verb since this order is always ungrammatical:<br><br>\r\n\r\n*John the ball sees<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br><br>\r\n\r\n3.<br>\r\nThe following English example has an archaic flavor that excludes it from consideration:<br><br>\r\n\r\nOne term paper does not a graduate student make.<br><br>\r\n\r\nIn other words, even though the word order in this example is Subject Object Verb, we assume that this word order does not characterize modern English.\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:24:00', '2009-03-10 17:24:53', '2009-05-30 10:26:48', NULL),
(447, 'Verb Subject Object', 'The property Verb Subject Object has the value "yes" when the order Verb Subject Object can be used in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The clause in this property is an active (non-passive) declarative (non-interrogative) clause.  In this property, the subject and\r\nobject are not pronouns. Furthermore, the verb must be clause initial (see German example below). As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#subject">Definition of Subject</a></b>\r\n<br><b><a href="/glossary#object">Definition of Object</a></b><br><!--In an active (non-passive) sentence with an action verb (e.g. "Bill pet the dog") and two noun phrase arguments, the subject is the noun phrase argument referring to the one who performs the action (agent) and the object is the other noun phrase argument.<br>-->\r\n<br>\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>:<br>\r\nA "yes" value for Verb Subject Object does not exclude a "yes" value for any other order of these categories. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: All known languages have subjects and objects in the defined sense, so this property is always defined and never has the value NA.<br><br>\r\n\r\n \r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n1. Welsh is “yesâ€ for Verb Subject Object:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nBwytodd         Llion  fara<br>\r\neat.PST.3SG Llion   bread<br>\r\n"Llion ate bread."<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.	<br>\r\nIn general, a language will be classified as Verb Subject Object when that order is possible with a clause initial verb. German admits the order Verb Subject Object, but only in the presence of an initial adverb (this is the so-called Verb-Second property). Therefore, we assume that German is not Verb Subject Object.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nHeute   kauft      Hans   den        Wein<br>\r\ntoday   buz.3SG  Hans    the.ACC wine<br>\r\n“Today Hans buys the wine.â€<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nEnglish is “noâ€ for Verb Subject Object since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*sees John the airplane.<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n4.<br>\r\nJapanese is “noâ€ for Verb Subject Object, since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*otosi-ta	dareka-ga		koppu-o.<br>\r\n  drop-Past	someone-NOM		cup-ACC<br>\r\n  “Someone dropped a cup.â€<br>\r\n\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:25:00', '2009-03-10 17:25:30', '2009-05-30 10:39:30', NULL),
(448, 'Verb Object Subject', '<br>\r\nThe property Verb Object Subject has the value "yes" when the order Verb Object Subject can be used in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The clause in this property is an active (non-passive) declarative (non-interrogative) clause. In this property, the subject and object are not pronouns. Furthermore, the verb must be clause initial (see German example below). As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#subject">Definition of Subject</a></b>\r\n<br><b><a href="/glossary#object">Definition of Object</a></b><br><!--In an active sentence with an action verb (e.g. "Bill pet the dog") and two noun phrase arguments, the subject is the noun phrase argument referring to the one who performs the action (agent) and the object is the other noun phrase argument.<br>--><br>\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>:<br>\r\nA "yes" value for Verb Object Subject does not exclude a "yes" value for any other order of these categories.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: All known languages have subjects and objects in the defined sense, so this property is always defined and never has the value NA.\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nMalagasy is "Yes" for Verb Object Subject (AT = Agent Topic): <br>\r\n<br>\r\nManasa ny lamba amin'' ny savony ny reny.<br>\r\nPRS.AT.wash the clothes with the soap the mother.NOM<br>\r\n''The mother washes the clothes with the soap.'' (Sabel 2002) <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<strong>Reference</strong><br>\r\nSabel, J. 2002. Wh-questions and extraction asymmetries in Malagasy. <i>MIT Working Papers in Linguistics</i> 44:309-323.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nEnglish is "no" for the property Verb Object Subject since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*sees the airplane John<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nJapanese is "no" for Verb Object Subject, since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*otosi-ta koppu-o dareka-ga.<br>\r\ndrop-PST scup-ACC someone-NOM<br>\r\n''Someone dropped a cup.''<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:25:00', '2009-03-10 17:25:50', '2009-05-30 11:22:16', NULL),
(449, 'Object Subject Verb', 'The property Object Subject Verb has the value "yes" when the order Object Subject Verb can be used in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The clause in this property is an active (non-passive) declarative (non-interrogative) clause. In this property, the subject and object are not pronouns. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to\r\n<a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#subject">Definition of Subject</a></b>\r\n<br><b><a href="/glossary#object">Definition of Object</a></b><br><!--In an active (non-passive) sentence with an action verb (e.g. "Bill pet the dog") and two noun phrase arguments, the subject is the noun phrase argument referring to the one who performs the action (agent) and the object is the other noun phrase argument.<br>--><br>\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>:<br>\r\nA "yes" value for Object Subject Verb does not exclude a "yes" value for any other order of these categories. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: All known languages have subjects and objects in the defined sense, so this property is always defined and never has the value NA.<br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1. <br>\r\nNadëb is “yesâ€ for Object Subject Verb:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nawad   kalapéé   hapuÌh<br>\r\njaguar  child      see.IND<br>\r\n`The child sees the jaguar.â€<br>\r\n <br>\r\n<b>Reference</b>:<br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Subject, Object and Verb. In Haspelmath et al., chapter 81. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/81">http://wals.info/feature/81</a href>.  Accessed on 2009-03-09.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nEnglish does have Object Subject Verb word orders, but they are not used in neutral contexts. Therefore, the property Object Subject Verb has the value “noâ€ in English:<br><br>\r\n\r\nA: What happened?<br>\r\nB: I dropped the mug.<br>\r\nB'': #The mug, I dropped.<br>\r\n(# stands for grammatical but not appropriate)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nJapanese is “yesâ€ for Object Subject Verb:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nA: nani-ga      at-ta 		no?<br>\r\n     what-NON happen-PST	C<br>\r\n    “What happened?â€<br>\r\n<br>\r\nB: dareka-ga		koppu-o 		otosi-ta		no<br>\r\n     someone-NOM	cup-ACC		drop-PST	COMP<br>\r\n<br>\r\nB’: koppu-o		dareka-ga			otosi-ta		no<br>\r\n      cup-ACC		someone-NOM		drop-PST	COMP<br>\r\n     “Someone dropped a cup.â€<br><br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:25:00', '2009-03-10 17:26:08', '2009-05-30 10:23:56', NULL),
(450, 'Object Verb Subject', 'The property Object Verb Subject has the value "yes" when the order Object Verb Subject can be used in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The clause in this property is an active (non-passive) declarative (non-interrogative) clause.  In this property, the subject and object are not pronouns. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to\r\n<a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#subject">Definition of Subject</a></b>\r\n<br><b><a href="/glossary#object">Definition of Object</a></b><br><!--In an active (non-passive) sentence with an action verb (e.g. "Bill pet the dog") and two noun phrase arguments, the subject is the noun phrase argument referring to the one who performs the action (agent) and the object is the other noun phrase argument.<br>--><br>\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>:<br>\r\nA "yes" value for Object Verb Subject does not exclude a "yes" value for any other order of these categories. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: All known languages have subjects and objects in the defined sense, so this property is always defined and never has the value NA. <br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1. <br>\r\nHixkaryana is “yesâ€ for Object Verb Subject:<br><br>\r\n\r\ntoto   y-ahosɨ-ye                          kamara <br>\r\nman  3:3-grab-DISTANT.PST   jaguar<br>\r\n‘The jaguar grabbed the man.’ <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>Reference</b>:<br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Subject, Object and Verb. In Haspelmath et al., chapter 81. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/81">http://wals.info/feature/81</a href>. ACCessed on 2009-03-09.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.	<br>\r\nEnglish is “noâ€ for the property Object Verb Subject, since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*the airplane saw John<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nJapanese is “noâ€ for the property Object Verb Subject, since this order is always ungrammatical.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*koppu-o	otosi-ta 	dareka-ga.<br>\r\n  cup-ACC	drop-PST	someone-NOM<br>\r\n  “Someone dropped a cup.â€	<br><br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:26:00', '2009-03-10 17:26:29', '2009-05-30 10:25:24', NULL),
(451, 'Numeral Noun', 'The property Numeral Noun has the value “yesâ€ when there is at least one cardinal numeral that can precede the noun it modifies in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. For the purpose of this property, we exclude split numerals of the type found in Welsh (see example below). <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#cardinal-numeral">Definition of Cardinal Numeral</a></b><br><!--Cardinal numerals are words ("three") or phrases ("thirty two") signifying the number of \r\nthings referred to. <br>--><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1.	<br>\r\nEnglish is “yesâ€ for the property Numeral Noun:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nThree boys<br><br>\r\n\r\n2.<br>\r\nIcelandic is "yes" for Numeral Noun:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nÞrjár greiningar<br>\r\nthree analyses<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nIcelandic is also "yes" for Noun Numeral, since this order occurs in definite noun phrases:<br><br>\r\n\r\nGreiningar.nar  þrjár<br>\r\nanalyses.the      three\r\n<br><br>\r\n<b>Reference:</b>\r\nSigurðsson, Halldór Ãrmann. 2006. The Icelandic Noun Phrase: Central Traits. <i>Arkiv för nordisk filologi</i> 121:193-236.<br><br>\r\n\r\n4. <br>\r\nWelsh is “yesâ€ for the property Numeral Noun.<br>\r\n<br>\r\ntri bachgen<br>\r\n3 boy.sg<br>\r\n''3 boys''<br>\r\n<br>\r\n5.<br>\r\nWelsh also allows split numeral phrases, which are explicitly excluded from<br>\r\nThe property definition above:<br>\r\n<br>\r\ntri bachgen  ar  hugain<br>\r\n3 boy.SG    on   20<br>\r\n''23 boys''<br>\r\n <br>\r\nBased on such examples, one might be tempted to say that for Welsh the property Numeral Noun has the value “yesâ€ and that the property Noun Numeral also has the value “yesâ€. But since “splitâ€ numerals are excluded, Welsh is only classified as having “yesâ€ for the property Numeral Noun.<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:27:00', '2009-03-10 17:27:53', '2009-05-30 10:21:16', NULL),
(452, 'Noun Numeral', 'The property Noun Numeral has the value “yesâ€ when there is at least one cardinal numeral that can follow the noun it modifies in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. For the purpose of this property, we exclude split numerals of the type found in Welsh (see example below). <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#cardinal-numeral">Definition of Cardinal Numeral</a></b><br><!--Cardinal numerals are words ("three") or phrases ("thirty two") signifying the number of \r\nthings referred to. <br>--><br>\r\n\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is “noâ€ for the property Noun Numeral since the following order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*men three<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nIcelandic is "yes" for Noun Numeral, since this order occurs in definite noun phrases:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nGreiningar.nar  þrjár<br>\r\nanalyses.the      three<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>Reference:</b><br>\r\nSigurðsson, Halldór Ãrmann. 2006. The Icelandic Noun Phrase: Central Traits. <i>\r\nArkiv för nordisk filologi</i> 121:193-236.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3. <br>\r\nIcelandic is also "yes" for Numeral Noun:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nÞrjár greiningar<br>\r\nthree analyses<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn other words, Icelandic is “yesâ€ for both the property Noun Numeral and the property Numeral Noun.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n4.<br>\r\nWelsh also allows split numeral phrases, which are explicitly excluded from<br>\r\nThe property definition above:<br>\r\n<br>\r\ntri bachgen  ar  hugain<br>\r\n3 boy.sg     on  20<br>\r\n''23 boys''<br>\r\n <br>\r\nBased on such examples, one might be tempted to say that for Welsh the property Numeral Noun has the value “yesâ€ and that the property Noun Numeral also has the value “yesâ€. But since “splitâ€ numerals are excluded, Welsh is only classified as having “yesâ€ for the property Numeral Noun.<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:28:00', '2009-03-10 17:28:12', '2009-05-30 10:20:07', NULL),
(453, 'Demonstrative Noun', 'The property Demonstrative Noun has the value "yes" when a demonstrative can precede the noun that it modifies in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#demonstrative">Definition of Demonstrative</a></b><br><!--\r\nA demonstrative is a word modifying the noun that is used to indicate the location of a referent relative to the speaker. For the purpose of this definition, we do not count "reinforcers" in the sense of Bernstein (1997) (see French example below).<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>Reference</b>:<br>\r\nBernstein, Judy. 1997. Demonstrative Reinforcers in Romance and Germanic Languages. <i>Lingua</i> 102:87-113.<br>--><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n\r\n1. <br>\r\nEnglish is "yes" for Demonstrative Noun:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nthis man<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nEwe is "no" for the property Demonstrative Noun, since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*sia agbale<br>\r\nthis dog<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.	<br>\r\nFrench is "yes" for the property Demonstrative Noun:<br>\r\n<br>\r\ncette table<br>\r\nthis.FEM table<br>\r\n“this tableâ€<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn French (and other Romance languages), it is often the case that demonstratives appear with reinforcers:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nCette table ci<br>\r\nThis.FEM table CI<br>\r\n"this table"<br>\r\n<br>\r\nThe presence of the reinforcer ci in this example is ignored for the purposes of the properties Demonstrative Noun and Noun Demonstrative.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n4.<br>\r\nJapanese is "yes" for the property Demonstrative Noun.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nkono tukue<br>\r\nthis desk<br>\r\n"this desk"<br><br>\r\n\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:28:00', '2009-03-10 17:28:42', '2009-05-28 11:14:47', NULL),
(454, 'Noun Demonstrative', 'The property Noun Demonstrative has the value “yesâ€ when a demonstrative can follow the noun that it modifies in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#demonstrative">Definition of Demonstrative</a></b><br><!--\r\nA demonstrative is a word modifying the noun that is used to indicate the location of a referent relative to the speaker. For the purpose of this definition, we do not count "reinforcers" in the sense of Bernstein (1997) (see French example below).<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b>:<br>\r\nBernstein, Judy. 1997. Demonstrative Reinforcers in Romance and Germanic Languages. <i>Lingua</i> 102:87-113.<br>--><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is “noâ€ for Noun Demonstrative since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*man this<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.	<br>\r\nEwe is “yesâ€ for the property Noun Demonstrative:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nagbale sia<br>\r\nbook this<br>\r\n“this bookâ€<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nJapanese is “noâ€ for the property Noun Demonstrative, since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*tukue	 kono<br>\r\n  desk   this<br>\r\n  “this deskâ€<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:28:00', '2009-03-10 17:28:59', '2009-05-30 10:19:11', NULL),
(455, 'Complementizer Clause', 'The property Complementizer Clause has the value "yes" when there is at least one complementizer that precedes its clause. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#complementizer">Definition of Complementizer</a></b> <br><!--A complementizer is a word that marks the beginning or end of an embedded clause.  For the purposes of this definition, an embedded clause is the complement of a higher verb.  The clause "that John is nice" is an embedded clause in the sentence "I said that John is nice."<br>\r\n<br>\r\nNote: There are many uses of the term complementizer in syntactic theory. In this definition, complementizer means complement clause subordinator.\r\n<br>-->\r\n<br>\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for Complementizer Clause does not exclude a "yes" value for Clause Complementizer.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: This property is defined for a language if there are overt complementizers. If a language does not have overt complementizers, this property has the value NA.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1. <br>\r\nEnglish is "yes" for Complementizer Clause:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nI said that John left. (complementizer = “thatâ€)<br>\r\nI asked if John left.  (complementizer = “ifâ€) <br>\r\n<br>\r\n2. <br>\r\nIn Ewe, a question particle follows the clause in matrix and embedded questions: <br>\r\nKofi yi suku a? <br>\r\nKofi go school Q <br>\r\n"Did Kofi go to school?" <br>\r\n<br>\r\nThe question particle in Ewe does not count as a complementizer since it does not necessarily introduce an embedded clause.', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:29:00', '2009-03-10 17:29:28', '2009-05-28 11:13:10', NULL),
(456, 'Clause Complementizer', 'The property Clause Complementizer has the value "yes" when there is at least one complementizer that follows its clause. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#complementizer">Definition of Complementizer</a></b><br>\r\n<!--A complementizer is a word that marks the beginning or end of an embedded clause.  For the purposes of this definition, an embedded clause is the complement of a higher verb.  The clause "that John is nice" is an embedded clause in the sentence "I said that John is nice."<br>\r\n<br>\r\nNote: There are many uses of the term complementizer in syntactic theory. In this definition, complementizer means complement clause subordinator.\r\n<br>-->\r\n<br>\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for Clause Complementizer does not exclude a "yes" value for Complementizer Clause.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: This property is defined for a language if there are overt complementizers. If a language does not have overt complementizers, this property has the value NA.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1.	<br>\r\nEnglish is "no" for Clause Complementizer since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*I said John left that<br>\r\n*I asked John left if<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2. <br>\r\nJapanese is "yes" for the property Clause Complemetizer:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nboku-wa John-ga kaet-ta to it-ta. (to = complementizer)<br>\r\n1SG-TOP John-NOM leave-PST COMP say-PST<br>\r\n"I said that John left."<br><br>\r\n\r\nboku-wa John-ga kaet-ta ka tazune-ta.   (ka = complementizer)<br>\r\n1SG-TOP John-NOM leave-PST COMP ask-PST<br>\r\n"I asked if John left."<br><br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:29:00', '2009-03-10 17:29:50', '2009-05-28 11:12:47', NULL),
(457, 'Adposition Noun_Phrase', 'The property Adposition Noun_Phrase has the value "yes" when there is at least one adposition in the language that precedes the noun phrase it occurs with. In this case, the adposition is called a preposition. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#adposition">Definition of Adposition</a></b><br>\r\n<!--The category of adposition is notoriously hard to define. Huddleston and Pullum (603: 2002) define preposition as follows: “A relatively closed grammatically distinct class of words whose most central members characteristically express spatial roles or serve to mark various syntactic functions and semantic roles.â€<br>-->\r\n<br>\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for Adposition Noun_Phrase does not exclude a "yes" value for Noun_Phrase Adposition. In other words, a language may have both prepositions and postpositions.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: A language has the value NA for this property if it does not have any sort of adpositional morpheme.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n\r\n1. <br>\r\nEnglish is "yes" for Adposition Noun_Phrase: <br><br>\r\n\r\nI went to the store. <br>\r\nI sat on the rock.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nEwe is “yesâ€ for Adposition Noun_Phrase:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nKofi    	Da	nu    	kple  Ama     (preposition = kple)<br>\r\nKofi	cook	thing  	with Ama<br>\r\n“Kofi cooked with Ama.â€<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nEwe is also “yesâ€ for Noun_Phrase Adposition:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nAgbale la   le           kplO  dzi               (post-position = dzi)<br>\r\nbook   the   be.LOC table  on<br>\r\n"The book is on the table."<br>\r\n<br>\r\nAlthough the word <i>dzi</i> "on" in Ewe is an inalienable noun, we count it here as an adposition. In certain languages, locative adpositions are closely related to the category of inalienable nouns. For the purposes of this property, these are counted as adpositions.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:30:00', '2009-03-10 17:30:21', '2009-05-28 11:11:17', NULL),
(458, 'Noun_Phrase Adposition', 'The property Noun_Phrase Adposition has the value "yes" when there is at least one adposition in the language that follows the noun phrase it occurs with. In this case, the adposition is called a postposition. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#adposition">Definition of Adposition</a></b><br><!--\r\nThe category of adposition is notoriously hard to define. Huddleston and Pullum (603: 2002) define preposition as follows: “A relatively closed grammatically distinct class of words whose most central members characteristically express spatial roles or serve to mark various syntactic functions and semantic roles.â€<br>-->\r\n<br>\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for Adposition Noun_Phrase does not exclude a "yes" value for Noun_Phrase Adposition. In other words, a language may have both prepositions and postpositions.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: A language has the value NA for this property if it does not have any sort of adpositional morpheme.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\nExamples:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is “noâ€ for the property Noun_Phrase Adposition since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*I went the store to<br>\r\n*I sat the rock on<br><br>\r\n\r\n2. <br>\r\nJapanese is "yes" for Noun_Phrase Adposition: <br><br>\r\n\r\nboku-wa   mise-kara   modot-ta. <br>\r\n1Sg-TOP  store-from  return-PST<br>\r\n"I returned from the store." <br>\r\n<br>\r\nboku-wa   niwa-de     ason-da. <br>\r\n1Sg.-TOP  garden-at  play-PST<br>\r\n"I played in the garden."<br>\r\n<br>\r\nNote: post-positions in Japanese are clitics or suffixes, which does not affect our definition.<br><br>\r\n\r\n3.<br>\r\nEwe is also “yesâ€ for Noun_Phrase Adposition:<br><br>\r\n\r\nAgbale la  le           kplO  dzi               (post-position = dzi)<br>\r\nbook   the be.LOC table  on<br>\r\n"The book is on the table."<br><br>\r\n\r\nAlthough the word <i>dzi</i> "on" in Ewe is an inalienable noun, we count it here as an adposition. In certain languages, locative adpositions are closely related to the category of inalienable nouns. For the puproses of this property, these are counted as adpositions.\r\n<br><br>\r\n4.<br>\r\nEwe is also “yesâ€ for Adposition Noun_Phrase:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nKofi    	Da	nu    	kple  Ama     (preposition = kple)<br>\r\nKofi	cook	thing  	with Ama<br>\r\n“Kofi cooked with Ama.â€<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn other words, Ewe is “yesâ€ for the property Noun_Phrase Adposition and the property Adposition Noun_Phrase.<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:30:00', '2009-03-10 17:30:42', '2009-05-30 10:20:46', NULL),
(459, 'Adverbial_Subordinator Clause', 'The property Adverbial_Subordinator Clause has the value "yes" when there is at least one adverbial subordinator that can appear before the clause it combines with. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#adverbial-subordinator">Definition of Adverbial Subordinator</a></b><br>\r\n<!--An adverbial subordinator is a morpheme such as "because", "although", "while" in English that links a subordinate clause to a main clause.  In this definition, "clause" is construed broadly to mean finite clause, non-finite clause, and gerund clause. We are distinguishing complementizers from adverbial subordinators. Complementizers are used with complement clauses or subject clauses (“I said that John left.â€), adverbial subordinators are used with adverbial clauses (“I was sad because John left.â€)<br>-->\r\n<br>\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for Adverbial_Subordinator Clause does not exclude a "yes" value for Clause Adverbial_Subordinator.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means that a language does not have adverbial subordinators.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n1. <br>\r\nEnglish is "yes" for Adverbial_Subordinator Clause:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nI went because I wanted to succeed. <br>\r\nAlthough you don''t like linguistics, you should not ignore it. <br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:30:00', '2009-03-10 17:31:06', '2009-05-31 17:19:54', NULL),
(460, 'Clause Adverbial_Subordinator', 'The property Clause Adverbial_Subordinator has the value "yes" when there is at least one adverbial subordinator that can follow the clause it combines with. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b> <a href="/glossary#adverbial-subordinator">Definition of Adverbial Subordinator</a></b><br><!--\r\nAn adverbial subordinator is a morpheme such as "because", "although", "while" in English that links a subordinate clause to a main clause.  In this definition, "clause" is construed broadly to mean finite clause, non-finite clause, and gerund clause. We are distinguishing complementizers from adverbial subordinators. Complementizers are used with complement clauses or subject clauses (“I said that John left.â€, adverbial subordinators are used with adverbial clauses (“I was sad because John left.â€)<br>-->\r\n<br>\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for Adverbial_Subordinator Clause does not exclude a "yes" value for Clause Adverbial_Subordinator.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means that a language does not have adverbial subordinators.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1.	<br>\r\nEnglish is “noâ€ for Clause Adverbial_Subordinator since this order is always ungrammatical.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*I went I wanted to succeed because.<br>\r\n*You don’t like linguistics although, you should not ignore it.<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nJapanese is "yes" for  Clause Adverbial_Subordinator.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nboku-wa [iki-takat-ta kara] it-ta. (subordinator = kara)<br>\r\n1SG-TOP go-want-PST because go-PST<br>\r\n"I went because I wanted to go."\r\n\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:31:00', '2009-03-10 17:31:26', '2009-05-31 17:20:30', NULL),
(461, 'Possessor Noun', 'The property Possessor Noun has the value “yesâ€ when a possessor can precede the noun it modifies in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The possessor in this property is not a pronoun. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n <b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for Possessor Noun does not exclude a "yes" value for Noun Possessor.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: Since all known languages have possessors and nouns, this property is always defined. \r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n1.	<br>\r\nEnglish is “yesâ€ for Possessor Noun:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nJohn’s hat<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nEnglish is also “yesâ€ for Noun Possessor<br>\r\n<br>\r\nI lived for a while in the apartment of my best friend.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn this example, the possessor "my best friend" follows the head noun "apartment". Note that even though there is an “ofâ€ separating the head noun and the possessor, it counts as an instance of Noun Possessor.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn other words, English is “yesâ€ for the property Possessor Noun and the property Noun Possessor.<br><br>\r\n\r\n3.<br>\r\nWestern Jutlandic (Julien 2005) is “yesâ€ for Possessor Noun.<br>\r\n <br>\r\nFeilberg   sin               bog<br>\r\nFeilberg   refl.poss.sg book<br>\r\nFeilberg''s book<br>\r\n<br>\r\nJens  hans                 støvler<br>\r\nJens  masc.poss.sg  books<br>\r\nJens''s books<br>\r\n<br>\r\nNote: In Western Jutlandic, even though the possessor is separated from the noun by a possessive pronoun, this counts as an instance of Possessor Noun.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>Reference</b>:<br>\r\nJulien, Marit. 2005. <i>Nominal Phrases from a Scandinavian \r\nPerspective</i>. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n4.<br>\r\nJapanese is “yesâ€ for the property Possessor Noun:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nKen-no hon<br>\r\nKen-Gen book<br>\r\n“Ken’s bookâ€<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:31:00', '2009-03-10 17:31:45', '2009-04-21 17:38:57', NULL),
(462, 'Noun Possessor', 'The property Noun Possessor has the value “yesâ€ when a possessor can follow the noun it modifies in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The possessor in this property is not a pronoun. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n <b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for Noun Posessor does not exclude a "yes" value for Possessor Noun.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: Since all known languages have possessors and nouns, this property is always defined. <br>\r\n<br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is “yesâ€ for Noun Possessor<br>\r\n<br>\r\nI lived for a while in the apartment of my best friend.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn this example, the possessor "my best friend" follows the head noun "apartment". Note that even though there is an “ofâ€ separating the head noun and the possessor, it counts as an instance of Noun Possessor.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.	<br>\r\nEnglish is also “yesâ€ for Possessor Noun:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nJohn’s hat<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn other words, English is “yesâ€ for both the property Noun Possessor and the property Possessor Noun.\r\n<br><br>\r\n3.	<br>\r\nItalian is “yesâ€ for Noun Possessor:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nLa   casa    di   Gianni<br>\r\nthe house  of  Gianni<br>\r\n''John''s house''<br>\r\n<br>\r\nLa  torta di Maria<br>\r\nthe cake of Mary<br>\r\n''Mary''s cake''<br>\r\n<br>\r\n4.<br>\r\nJapanese is “noâ€ for the property Noun Possessor, since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*hon   Ken-no <br>\r\n  book Ken-Gen <br>\r\n“Ken’s bookâ€<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:31:00', '2009-03-10 17:32:00', '2009-04-21 17:37:40', NULL);
INSERT INTO `properties` (`id`, `property`, `description`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`, `comments`) VALUES
(463, 'Degree Adjective', 'The property Degree Adjective has the value "yes" when there is at least one degree word that can precede the adjective it modifies in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#degree-word">Definition of Degree Word</a></b><br><br><!--“Degree words are words with meanings like ‘very’, ‘more’, or ‘a little’ that modify the adjective to indicate the degree to which the property denoted by the adjective obtains. Degree words are traditionally referred to as adverbs, though in many languages the degree words do not belong to the same word class as adverbs.â€ <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>Reference</b>:<br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Degree Word and Adjective. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 91. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/91"> http://wals.info/feature/91</a href>. Accessed on 2009-03-09.<br>-->\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>:<br>\r\nA "yes" value for Degree Adjective does not exclude a "yes" value for Adjective Degree. In other words, a language could allow both orders in a neutral context.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means the language does not have either adjective or degree words that modify adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is “yesâ€ for Degree Adjective:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nvery big, too big, so big, that big<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nEnglish is also “yesâ€ for Adjective Degree:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nbig enough, tall enough, rich enough<br>\r\n<br>\r\nEven though the only degree word that can follow the adjective it modifies is “enoughâ€ we consider this to be a productive pattern, since “enoughâ€ can follow an unlimited number of adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn other words, English is “yesâ€ for both the property Degree Adjective and the property Adjective Degree.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nItalian is “yesâ€ for Degree Adjective:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nmolto alto, <br>\r\nvery tall<br>\r\n<br>\r\ntroppo alto, <br>\r\ntoo tall<br>\r\n<br>\r\ncosì alto, <br>\r\nthis tall<br>\r\n<br>\r\ntanto alto <br>\r\nmuch tall<br>\r\n“so tallâ€<br>\r\n<br>\r\n4.<br>\r\nItalian is also “yesâ€ for Adjective Degree<br>\r\n<br>\r\nalto abbastanza<br>\r\ntall enough <br>\r\n<br>\r\n5.<br>\r\nIcelandic is “yesâ€ for Degree Adjective:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nmjög hávaxinn, <br>\r\nvery tall<br>\r\n<br>\r\nof hávaxinn, <br>\r\ntoo tall,<br>\r\n<br>\r\nsvo hávaxinn, <br>\r\nso tall,<br>\r\n<br>\r\nnógu hávaxinn, <br>\r\nenough tall,<br>\r\n<br>\r\nþað hávaxinn, <br>\r\nthat tall<br>\r\n<br>\r\n6.<br>\r\nJapanese is “yesâ€ for the property Degree Adjective:<br>\r\n<br>\r\ntotemo ookii<br>\r\nvery      big<br>\r\n“very   bigâ€<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:32:00', '2009-03-10 17:32:17', '2009-06-16 15:31:01', NULL),
(464, 'Adjective Degree', 'The property Adjective Degree has the value “yesâ€ when there is at least one degree word that can follow the adjective it modifies in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b> <a href="/glossary#degree-word">Definition of Degree Word</a></b><br> \r\n<!--“Degree words are words with meanings like ‘very’, ‘more’, or ‘a little’ that modify the adjective to indicate the degree to which the property denoted by the adjective obtains. Degree words are traditionally referred to as adverbs, though in many languages the degree words do not belong to the same word class as adverbs.â€ <br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b>:<br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Degree Word and Adjective. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 91. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/91"> http://wals.info/feature/91</a href>. Accessed on 2009-03-09.<br>-->\r\n\r\n<!--\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#adjective">Definition of Adjective</a><br></b>\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>:<br>\r\nA "yes" value for Adjective Degree does not exclude a "yes" value for Degree Adjective. In other words, a language could allow both orders in a neutral context.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means the language does not have either adjective or degree words that modify adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is “yesâ€ for Adjective Degree:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nbig enough, tall enough, rich enough<br>\r\n<br>\r\nEven though the only degree word that can follow the adjective it modifies is “enoughâ€ we consider this to be a productive pattern, since “enoughâ€ can follow an unlimited number of adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nEnglish is also “yesâ€ for Degree Adjective:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nvery big, too big, so big, that big<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn other words, English is “yesâ€ for both the property Adjective Degree and the property Degree Adjective.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nItalian is “yesâ€ for Adjective Degree<br>\r\n<br>\r\nalto abbastanza<br>\r\ntall enough <br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nItalian is also “yesâ€ for Degree Adjective:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nmolto alto, <br>\r\nvery tall<br>\r\n<br>\r\ntroppo alto, <br>\r\ntoo tall<br>\r\n<br>\r\ncosì alto, <br>\r\nthis tall<br>\r\n<br>\r\ntanto alto <br>\r\nmuch tall<br>\r\n“so tallâ€<br>\r\n<br>\r\n4.<br>\r\nJapanese is “noâ€ for the property Adjective Degree.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*ookii    totemo <br>\r\n  big       very<br>\r\n“very bigâ€<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:32:00', '2009-03-10 17:32:33', '2009-06-16 15:30:24', NULL),
(465, 'Demonstrative Adjective Noun', 'The value of the property Demonstrative Adjective Noun is "yes" for a language when this order is found in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#demonstrative">Definition of Demonstrative</a><br></b><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for the property Demonstrative Adjective Noun does not exclude a "yes" value for other orders of these categories. <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means that the language has either no demonstratives or no nouns or no adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nExamples:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is "yes" for Demonstrative Adjective Noun:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nThese red books.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nJapanese is “yesâ€ for both Demonstrative Adjective Noun and Adjective Demonstrative Noun (so two word orders are possible):<br>\r\n<br>\r\nA: nani-o     kat-ta      no? <br>\r\nwhat-ACC buy-PST  C<br>\r\n"What did you buy?" <br>\r\n<br>\r\nB: kono akai booru da-yo. <br>\r\nthis red ball Copula-SFP (Sentence Final  Particle)<br>\r\n"These red balls"<br><br>\r\n\r\nB: akai kono booru da-yo. <br>\r\nred this ball Copula-SFP (Sentence Final Particle) <br>\r\n"These red balls"<br><br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:32:00', '2009-03-10 17:33:09', '2009-06-03 18:13:36', NULL),
(466, 'Demonstrative Noun Adjective', 'The value of the property Demonstrative Noun Adjective is "yes" for a language when this order is found in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#demonstrative">Definition of Demonstrative</a></b><br><br>	\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for the property Demonstrative Noun Adjective does not exclude a "yes" value for other orders of these categories. <br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means that the language has either no demonstratives or no nouns or no adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is "yes" for Demonstrative Noun Adjective:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nThose students responsible will be punished.<br>\r\nThose students present will know what is on the test.<br>\r\n <br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nItalian is "yes" for Demonstrative Noun Adjective:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nVoglio questi libri rossi<br>\r\nwant.1SG these books red.PL<br>\r\n"I want these book"<br>\r\n<br>\r\n3.<br>\r\nJapanese is “noâ€ for the property Demonstrative Noun Adjective, since this word order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*kono hon akai<br>\r\nthis book red<br>\r\n"this red book"<br><br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:33:00', '2009-03-10 17:33:29', '2009-06-03 18:14:00', NULL),
(467, 'Adjective Demonstrative Noun', 'The value of the property Adjective Demonstrative Noun is "yes" for a language when this order is found in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#demonstrative">Definition of Demonstrative</a><br></b><br>\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for the property Adjective Demonstrative Noun does not exclude a "yes" value for other orders of these categories. <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means that the language has either no demonstratives or no nouns or no adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is "no" for Adjective Demonstrative Noun since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*red these books<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nJapanese is “yesâ€ for both Demonstrative Adjective Noun and Adjective Demonstrative Noun (so two word orders are possible):<br>\r\n<br>\r\nA: nani-o     kat-ta      no? <br>\r\n     what-ACC buy-PST  C<br>\r\n    "What did you buy?" <br>\r\n<br>\r\nB: kono  akai  booru   da-yo. <br>\r\n     this    red    ball     Copula-SFP (Sentence Final  Particle) <br>\r\n    "These red balls"<br>\r\n<br>\r\nB: akai   kono booru     da-yo. <br>\r\n      red   this     ball     Copula-SFP (Sentence Final  Particle) <br>\r\n    "These red balls"<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:33:00', '2009-03-10 17:33:56', '2009-06-03 18:10:55', NULL),
(468, 'Adjective Noun Demonstrative', 'The value of the property Adjective Noun Demonstrative is "yes" for a language when this order is found in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#demonstrative">Definition of Demonstrative</a><br></b><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for the property Adjective Noun Demonstrative does not exclude a "yes" value for other orders of these categories. <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means that the language has either no demonstratives or no nouns or no adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nExamples:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is "no" for Adjective Noun Demonstrative since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*red books these<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nJapanese is “noâ€ for the property Adjective Noun Demonstrative, since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*akai hon kono<br>\r\n red  book this<br>\r\n“this red bookâ€<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:34:00', '2009-03-10 17:34:14', '2009-06-03 18:11:56', NULL),
(469, 'Noun Demonstrative Adjective', 'The value of the property Noun Demonstrative Adjective is "yes" for a language when this order is found in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#demonstrative">Definition of Demonstrative</a></b><br><br>	\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for the property Noun Demonstrative Adjective does not exclude a "yes" value for other orders of these categories. <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means that the language has either no demonstratives or no nouns or no adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is "no" for Noun Demonstrative Adjective since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*books these red<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n2.<br>\r\nJapanese is “noâ€ for the property Noun Demonstrative Adjective, since this order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*hon  kono akai<br>\r\nbook  this    red<br>\r\n“this red bookâ€<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:34:00', '2009-03-10 17:34:37', '2009-06-03 18:15:29', NULL),
(470, 'Noun Adjective Demonstrative', 'The value of the property Noun Adjective Demonstrative is "yes" for a language when this order is found in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b><a href="/glossary#demonstrative">Definition of Demonstrative</a></b><br><br>	\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>General Note on Word Order Properties</b>: <br>\r\nA "yes" value for the property Noun Adjective Demonstrative does not exclude a "yes" value for other orders of these categories. <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<b>NA (Not Applicable)</b>: NA for this property means that the language has either no demonstratives or no nouns or no adjectives.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nExamples:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is "no" for Noun Adjective Demonstrative, since the order is always ungrammatical:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*books red these<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)<br>\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-03-10', '2009-03-10 17:34:00', '2009-03-10 17:34:55', '2009-06-03 18:15:08', NULL),
(471, 'Verb Subject', 'The property Verb Subject has the value "yes" when in a clause with an intransitive verb the order\r\nVerb Subject can be used in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The clause in this property is an active (non-\r\npassive) declarative (non-interrogative) clause. In this property, the subject is not a pronoun.\r\nFurthermore, the verb must be clause initial (see German example below). As with all word order properties, we restrict our attention to <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<strong><a href="/glossary#subject">Definition of Subject</a></strong><br><!--\r\nIn an active (non-passive) sentence with an action verb (e.g. "Bill left.") and one noun phrase argument, the subject is the noun phrase argument. In an active (non-passive) sentence with an action verb (e.g. "Bill will pet the dog") and two noun phrase arguments, the subject is the noun phrase argument referring to the one who performs the action (agent) and the object is the other noun phrase argument.<br>--><br>\r\n\r\n<strong>General Note on Word Order Properties:</strong><br>\r\nA "yes" value for Verb Subject does not exclude a "yes" value for any other order of these categories.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<strong>NA (Not Applicable):</strong> All known languages have subjects in the defined sense, so this property is always defined and never has the value NA.<br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n\r\n1.<br> Welsh is “yesâ€ for Verb Subject:<br><br>\r\n\r\nGadawodd         Mair.<br>\r\nleave.3SG.PST Mair<br>\r\n"Mair left."<br><br>\r\n\r\n2.<br> Italian is "yes" for Verb Subject:<br><br>\r\n\r\nÈ apparsa   la    Madonna<br>\r\nis appeared the Vergin Mary<br>\r\n"The Virgin Mary appeared."<br><br>\r\n\r\n3.<br>\r\n\r\nIn general, a language will be classified as Verb Subject when that order is possible with a clause initial verb. German admits the order Verb Subject,  but only in the presence of an initial adverb (this is the so-called Verb-Second property). Therefore, we assume that German is not Verb Subject.<br><br>\r\n\r\nHeute fliegt    Hans nach München<br>\r\ntoday   fly.3SG John  to     Munich<br>\r\n"Today John flies to Munich."<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n4.<br>\r\nEnglish is “noâ€ for Verb Subject since this order is always ungrammatical:<br><br>\r\n\r\n*Left John.<br>\r\n(* means ungrammatical)', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-05-05', '2009-05-05 18:02:00', '2009-05-05 18:02:31', '2009-05-30 10:38:54', NULL),
(472, 'Subject Verb', 'The property Subject Verb has the value "yes" when in a clause with an intransitive verb the order\r\nSubject Verb can be used in a <a href="/glossary#neutral-context">neutral context</a>. The clause in this property is an active (non-\r\npassive) declarative (non-interrogative) clause. In this property, the subject is not a pronoun. As\r\nwith all word order properties, we restrict our attention to  <a href="/glossary#productive">productive word order</a> patterns. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<strong><a href="/glossary#subject">Definition of Subject</a></strong><br>\r\n\r\n<!--In an active (non-passive) sentence with an action verb (e.g. "Bill left.") and one noun phrase argument, the subject is the noun phrase argument. In an active (non-passive) sentence with an action verb (e.g. "Bill will pet the dog") and two noun phrase arguments, the subject is the noun phrase argument referring to the one who performs the action (agent) and the object is the other noun phrase argument.<br>--><br>\r\n\r\n<strong>General Note on Word Order Properties:</strong><br>\r\nA "yes" value for Subject Verb does not exclude a "yes" value for any other order of these categories.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<strong>NA (Not Applicable):</strong> All known languages have subjects in the defined sense, so this property is always defined and never has the value NA.<br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is “yesâ€ for Subject Verb:<br><br>\r\n\r\nJohn left.<br><br>\r\n\r\n2.<br>\r\nItalian is "yes" for Subject Verb:<br><br>\r\n\r\nGianni è arrivato in ritardo<br>\r\nJohn   is arrived  in late<br>\r\n"John arrived late."<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-05-05', '2009-05-05 17:56:00', '2009-05-05 18:22:22', '2009-05-30 10:27:20', NULL),
(473, 'Attributive Adjective Agreement', 'The property Attributive Adjective Agreement has the value "Yes"\r\nwhen there is at least one attributive adjective that shows agreement\r\nwith (at least some of) the nouns it modifies. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<strong><a href="/glossary#attributive-adjective">Definition of Attributive Adjective</a></strong><br>\r\n<!--An attributive adjective is a word that modifies the noun internal to the\r\nnoun phrase by qualifying  or restricting its reference. We exclude cases where the adjective is a predicate adjective in a relative clause modifying the noun (e.g., “the man who is bigâ€). We also exclude words that fall under the database definitions of numerals, emonstratives, quantifiers, possessors and other distinct classes of nominal modifiers. Typical adjectives include: "young", "old", "new", and “goodâ€.<br>--><br>\r\n\r\n<strong>NA (Not Applicable):</strong> NA for this property means that the language does not\r\nhave attributive adjectives.<br><br>\r\n\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is “Noâ€ for the property Attributive Adjective Agreement\r\nsince adjectives never agree with the noun phrase they modify:<br><br>\r\n\r\none big book<br>\r\nthree big books<br>\r\none big girl<br>\r\nthree big girls<br>\r\none big boy<br>\r\nthree big boys<br><br>\r\n\r\n2.<br>\r\nIcelandic is "Yes" for Attributive Adjective Agreement, since attributive\r\nadjectives agree with the nouns they modify in number, case, and gender.<br><br>\r\n\r\nÉg á rauð-an                   bíll.<br>\r\nI have red-ACC.M.SG car.ACC.M.SG <br>\r\n"I have a red car".<br><br>\r\n\r\n3.<br>\r\nItalian is “Yesâ€ for the property of Attributive Adjective Agreement, since an adjective may agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies, as in:<br><br>\r\n\r\nun libr-o ross-o<br>\r\none book-M.SG red-M.SG<br>\r\n“one red bookâ€<br><br>\r\n\r\ntre libr-i ross-i<br>\r\nthree books-M.PL red-M.PL<br>\r\n"Three red books"<br><br>\r\n\r\nuna macchin-a ross-a<br>\r\none car-F.SG red-F.SG<br>\r\n“one red carâ€<br><br>\r\n\r\ntre macchin-e ross-e<br>\r\nthree cars-F.PL red-F.PL<br>\r\n"Three red cars"<br><br>\r\n\r\nNote: a large (but minority) class of adjectives (and nouns) in Italian show number alternation but no gender alternation, e.g. "intelligent-e" is singular for either gender and "intelligent-i" is plural for either gender.<br><br>\r\n\r\n4.<br>\r\nJapanese is “Noâ€ for the property Attributive Adjective Agreement since adjectives never agree with the nouns they modify.<br><br>\r\n\r\ni-ssatu-no akai hon<br>\r\n1-CLF-GEN red book<br>\r\n“one red bookâ€<br><br>\r\n\r\nsan-satu-no akai hon<br>\r\n3-CLF-GEN red book<br>\r\n“three red booksâ€<br>\r\n\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-05-15', '2009-05-15 14:20:00', '2009-05-15 14:31:10', '2009-05-28 11:12:05', NULL),
(474, 'Predicate Adjective Agreement', 'The property predicate Adjective Agreement has the value "Yes" when there is at least one predicate adjective that shows agreement with the subject noun phrase it is predicated of.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<strong><a href="/glossary#predicate-adjective">Definition of Predicate Adjective</a></strong><!--\r\nA predicate adjective is a word that follows a copular verb, such as "be" (or other similar copular verbs, like "become", etc.), and that is predicated of a subject noun phrase. We exclude predicate nominals (e.g "a genius" as in the sentence  "John is a genius"), and other words and phrases that are unambiguously members of other categories, such as numerals ("We are two tonight."), passive participles ("They were seen.") and prepositional phrases ("The are in the house"). Typical adjectives include: "young", "old", "new", and “goodâ€.<br>--><br><br>\r\n\r\n<strong> NA (Not Applicable):</strong>\r\n NA for this property means that the language does not have predicate adjectives.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n1.<br>\r\nEnglish is "No" for Predicate Adjective Agreement, since predicate adjectives show no agreement with the subject noun phrase.<br><br>\r\n\r\nThe book is big.<br>\r\nThe books are big.<br>\r\nThe girl is big.<br>\r\nThe girls are big.<br>\r\nThe boy is big.<br>\r\nThe boys are big.<br><br>\r\n\r\n2.<br>\r\nIcelandic is "Yes" for Predicate Adjective Agreement, since predicate adjectives agree with the subject noun in number, case, and gender.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\nBíll-inn er rauð-ur.<br>\r\nCar-the.NOM.M.SG is red-NOM.M.SG<br>\r\n"The car is red".<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n3.<br>\r\nItalian is "Yes" for Predicate Adjective Agreement, since predicate adjectives agree with the subject in number and gender:<br><br>\r\n\r\nquest-o          libr-o               è   ross-o<br>\r\nthis-M.SG book-M.SG is red-M.SG<br>\r\n“This book is red.â€<br><br>\r\n\r\nquesti          libr-i     sono   ross-i.<br>\r\nthese-M.PL  books   are    red-M.PL<br>\r\n"These books are red"<br><br>\r\n\r\nquest-a          macchin-a          è   ross-a<br>\r\nthis-F.SG car-F.SG is red-F.SG<br>\r\n“This car is red.â€<br><br>\r\n\r\nquest-e               macchin-e     sono   ross-e.<br>\r\nthese-F.PL   car-F.PL   are    red-F.PL<br>\r\n"These cars are red"<br><br>\r\n\r\nNote: a large (but minority) class of adjectives (and nouns) in Italian show number alternation but no gender alternation, e.g. <i>intelligente</i> is singular for either gender and intelligenti is plural for either gender.\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo, Chris Collins, Jim Wood', '2009-05-15', '2009-05-15 14:33:00', '2009-05-15 14:42:29', '2009-05-30 10:26:11', NULL),
(475, 'Extra Examples', 'Examples that are associated with this property are not associated with any other property in the database. ', 'Chris Collins', '2009-05-15', '2009-05-15 21:35:33', '2009-05-15 21:36:03', '2009-05-15 21:36:03', NULL);

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `propertyhierarchies`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `propertyhierarchies` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `childProperty` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `parentProperty` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `relationship` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `author` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `date` date default NULL,
  `time` datetime default NULL,
  `created_at` datetime default NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime default NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

--
-- Dumping data for table `propertyhierarchies`
--


-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `schema_info`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `schema_info` (
  `version` int(11) default NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

--
-- Dumping data for table `schema_info`
--

INSERT INTO `schema_info` (`version`) VALUES
(11);

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `unapproved_examples`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `unapproved_examples` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `language` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `etype` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `sentenceNumber` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `property` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `value` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `author` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `date` date default NULL,
  `time` datetime default NULL,
  `created_at` datetime default NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime default NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=302 ;

--
-- Dumping data for table `unapproved_examples`
--

INSERT INTO `unapproved_examples` (`id`, `language`, `etype`, `sentenceNumber`, `property`, `value`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES
(10, 'Catalan', 'normal', '9', 'Clitic doubling', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(11, 'Catalan', 'normal', '27', 'Determiners agree in number with nouns', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(21, 'Dagaare', 'normal', '3', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'no', 'A Bodomo', '2008-06-01', '2008-06-01 22:26:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(22, 'Catalan', 'normal', '12', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(23, 'French', 'normal', '3', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(24, 'Italian', 'normal', '3', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(25, 'Italian', 'common', 'PPRON6', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(26, 'Italian', 'common', 'ART1', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(27, 'Italian', 'common', 'ART2', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(28, 'Italian', 'common', 'ART3', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(29, 'Italian', 'common', 'ART4', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(44, 'Catalan', 'normal', '28', 'Conditional morpheme precedes verb', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(45, 'Catalan', 'normal', '7', 'Locative clitic', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(46, 'Catalan', 'normal', '19', 'Indefinite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(47, 'Catalan', 'normal', '20', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(48, 'Italian', 'common', 'IMP2', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(49, 'Italian', 'common', 'IMP3', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(50, 'Italian', 'common', 'IMP5', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(51, 'Italian', 'common', 'IMP6', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(52, 'Italian', 'common', 'IMP7', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(53, 'Dagaare', 'normal', '5', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'no', 'A Bodomo', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 17:18:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(54, 'Catalan', 'normal', '14', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(55, 'Icelandic', 'normal', '1', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(56, 'Italian', 'common', 'YNQ1', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(57, 'Italian', 'common', 'YNQ2', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(58, 'Italian', 'common', 'YNQ3', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(59, 'Italian', 'common', 'YNQ4', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(60, 'Italian', 'common', 'YNQ5', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(61, 'Italian', 'common', 'YNQ6', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(62, 'Italian', 'common', 'YNQ7', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(63, 'Italian', 'common', 'YNQ8a', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(64, 'Italian', 'common', 'YNQ8b', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(65, 'Italian', 'common', 'PPRON1', 'Genitive pronoun agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(66, 'Italian', 'common', 'PPRON2', 'Genitive pronoun agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(67, 'Italian', 'common', 'PPRON3', 'Genitive pronoun agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(68, 'Italian', 'common', 'PPRON4', 'Genitive pronoun agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(69, 'Italian', 'common', 'PPRON5', 'Genitive pronoun agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(70, 'Catalan', 'normal', '16', 'Numeral Agreement', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(71, 'Catalan', 'normal', '35', 'Nominal Conjunction: ‘And’ and ‘with’ the same', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(72, 'Catalan', 'normal', '32', 'Nominal/Verbal Conjunction the same', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(73, 'Catalan', 'normal', '4', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'no', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(74, 'Catalan', 'normal', '34', 'Past Tense', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(75, 'Icelandic', 'normal', '6', 'Perfect aspect homophonous with ‘finished’', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-08', '2008-07-08 11:05:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(76, 'Catalan', 'normal', '8', 'Partitive clitic', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(77, 'Italian', 'common', 'SPRON1', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(78, 'Italian', 'common', 'SPRON2', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(79, 'Italian', 'common', 'SPRON3', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(80, 'Italian', 'common', 'SPRON4', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(81, 'Italian', 'common', 'SPRON5', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(82, 'Italian', 'common', 'SPRON6', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(83, 'Italian', 'common', 'SPRON7', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(84, 'Catalan', 'normal', '10', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(85, 'French', 'normal', '1', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(86, 'Italian', 'normal', '1', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(87, 'Italian', 'common', 'OPRON1', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(88, 'Italian', 'common', 'OPRON2', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(89, 'Italian', 'common', 'OPRON3', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(90, 'Italian', 'common', 'OPRON4', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(91, 'Italian', 'common', 'OPRON5a', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(92, 'Italian', 'common', 'OPRON5b', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(93, 'Italian', 'common', 'OPRON6a', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(94, 'Italian', 'common', 'OPRON6b', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(95, 'Italian', 'common', 'OPRON7a', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(96, 'Italian', 'common', 'OPRON7b', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(97, 'Italian', 'common', 'REFL1', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(98, 'Italian', 'common', 'REFL2', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(99, 'Italian', 'common', 'REFL3', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(100, 'Italian', 'common', 'REFL4', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(101, 'Italian', 'common', 'REFL5', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(102, 'Italian', 'common', 'REFL6', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(103, 'Italian', 'common', 'REFL7', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(104, 'Romanian', 'normal', '1', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Oana Savescu', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(105, 'Dagaare', 'normal', '1', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'yes', 'A Bodomo', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(106, 'English', 'normal', '1', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'yes', 'Collins', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(107, 'Ewe', 'normal', '1', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(108, 'Oevdalian', 'normal', '1', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'yes', '', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(109, 'Catalan', 'normal', '5', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(110, 'Dagaare', 'normal', '6', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'A. Bodomo', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 17:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(111, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ1a', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(112, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ1b', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(113, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ2', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(114, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ3', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(115, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ4', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(116, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ5', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(117, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ6', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(118, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ7', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(119, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ8', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(120, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ9a', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(121, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ9b', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(122, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ9c', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(123, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ10', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(124, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ11', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(125, 'Italian', 'common', 'WHQ12', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(126, 'Russian', 'normal', '1', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Jillian Kozyra', '2008-12-08', '2008-12-08 22:40:13', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(187, 'Catalan', 'normal', '29', 'Future Tense', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:04:46', '2009-01-22 00:04:46'),
(188, 'Catalan', 'normal', '25', 'Adpositions precede noun phrase', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(189, 'Icelandic', 'normal', '5', 'Adpositions precede noun phrase', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(190, 'Italian', 'common', 'PASS4', 'Adpositions precede noun phrase', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-03', '2008-06-03 10:45:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(191, 'Italian', 'common', 'EMB7', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(192, 'Italian', 'common', 'EMB8a', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(193, 'Italian', 'common', 'EMB8b', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(194, 'Catalan', 'normal', '15', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(195, 'Ewe', 'normal', '2', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(196, 'Romanian', 'normal', '2', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'no', 'Oana Savescu', '2008-06-01', '2008-06-01 22:15:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(197, 'Catalan', 'normal', '11', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(198, 'Dagaare', 'normal', '2', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'A Bodomo', '2008-06-01', '2008-06-01 22:23:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(199, 'English', 'normal', '2', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Collins', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(200, 'French', 'normal', '2', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(201, 'Italian', 'normal', '2', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(220, 'English', 'normal', '4', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'no', 'Collins', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(221, 'Catalan', 'normal', '13', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(222, 'Dagaare', 'normal', '4', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'A. Bodomo', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 17:15:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(223, 'Ewe', 'normal', '4', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'Collins', '2008-05-03', '2008-05-03 21:55:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(224, 'Mandarin', 'normal', '1', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'Wang', '2008-05-03', '2008-05-03 22:02:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(225, 'Catalan', 'normal', '31', 'Object clitic doubling', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(226, 'Catalan', 'normal', '33', 'Object clitic doubling', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(227, 'Catalan', 'normal', '22', 'Presence of future verb form', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(228, 'Italian', 'common', 'MOD8', 'Presence of future verb form', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(229, 'Italian', 'common', 'TA1', 'Presence of future verb form', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(230, 'Catalan', 'normal', '24', 'Present tense interpreted as future', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(231, 'Italian', 'common', 'TA4', 'Present tense interpreted as future', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(232, 'Catalan', 'normal', '30', 'Indirect object clitic doubling', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(233, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'normal', '2', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'yes', 'Michael Taylor', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(234, 'Catalan', 'normal', '21', 'Presence of interrogative complementizer', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(235, 'Italian', 'common', 'EMB4', 'Presence of interrogative complementizer', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(236, 'Italian', 'common', 'EMB5', 'Presence of interrogative complementizer', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(237, 'Italian', 'common', 'EMB6', 'Presence of interrogative complementizer', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(238, 'Catalan', 'normal', '37', 'Presence of a participle in progressive', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(239, 'Italian', 'common', 'TA3', 'Presence of a participle in progressive', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(240, 'Catalan', 'normal', '26', 'Presence of Obligatory Possessive Inflection', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(241, 'Catalan', 'normal', '6', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(242, 'Icelandic', 'normal', '4', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', '2008-06-22', '2008-06-22 17:06:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(243, 'Italian', 'common', 'PASS1', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(244, 'Italian', 'common', 'PASS2', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(245, 'Italian', 'common', 'PASS3', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(246, 'Catalan', 'normal', '23', 'Presence of past imperfect verb form', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(247, 'Italian', 'common', 'TA5', 'Presence of past imperfect verb form', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(248, 'Italian', 'common', 'TA6', 'Presence of past imperfect verb form', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(249, 'Italian', 'common', 'TA7', 'Presence of past imperfect verb form', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(250, 'Catalan', 'normal', '38', 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(251, 'Italian', 'common', 'MOD1', 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(252, 'Italian', 'common', 'MOD3', 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(253, 'Italian', 'common', 'MOD6', 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(254, 'Italian', 'common', 'MOD10', 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(255, 'Italian', 'common', 'MOD13', 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(256, 'Dagaare', 'normal', '7', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'no', 'A Bodomo', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 17:31:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(257, 'Catalan', 'normal', '18', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(258, 'Italian', 'common', 'ART5', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(259, 'Italian', 'common', 'ART6', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(260, 'Italian', 'common', 'ART7', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(261, 'Italian', 'common', 'ART8', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(262, 'Catalan', 'normal', '36', 'Perfective Aspect', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(263, 'French', 'normal', '5', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:57', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(264, 'Italian', 'normal', '5', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:57', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(265, 'Mandarin', 'normal', '2', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'no', 'Arthur', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:57', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(266, 'Catalan', 'normal', '1', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(267, 'Ewe', 'normal', '5', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:56', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(268, 'Italian', 'common', 'EMB1', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(269, 'Italian', 'common', 'EMB2', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(270, 'Italian', 'common', 'EMB3', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(271, 'Catalan', 'normal', '17', 'Possibility of Verb-Subject-Object order', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(272, 'Italian', 'common', 'TA2', 'Presence of distinct habitual morpheme', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(273, 'Dagaare', 'normal', '8', 'Presence of distinct habitual morpheme', 'yes', 'A. Bodomo', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 17:48:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(274, 'Dagaare', 'normal', '9', 'Bodypart postpositions', 'yes', 'Bodomo', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 01:34:19', '2009-01-22 01:34:19'),
(282, 'Icelandic', 'normal', '3', 'Verb-Subject-Object', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 01:34:19', '2009-01-22 01:34:19'),
(283, 'Shupamem', 'normal', '1', 'Verb-Subject-Object', 'yes', 'Laziz Nchare', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-22 01:34:19', '2009-01-22 01:34:19'),
(284, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'normal', '1', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Michael Taylor', '2008-05-04', '2008-05-04 16:57:00', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(285, 'English', 'normal', '3', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Collins', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(286, 'Italian', 'normal', '4', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:56', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(287, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG1', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(288, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG2', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(289, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG3', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(290, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG4', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(291, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG5', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(292, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG6', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(293, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG7', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(294, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG8', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(295, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG9', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(296, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG10', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(297, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG11', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(298, 'Italian', 'common', 'NEG12', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(299, 'Italian', 'common', 'IMP1', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-06-17', '2008-06-17 15:21:09', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(300, 'Ewe', 'normal', '3', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:55', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(301, 'French', 'normal', '4', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:55', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `unapproved_languages`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `unapproved_languages` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `language` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `property` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `value` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `author` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `date` date default NULL,
  `time` datetime default NULL,
  `created_at` datetime default NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime default NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=834 ;

--
-- Dumping data for table `unapproved_languages`
--

INSERT INTO `unapproved_languages` (`id`, `language`, `property`, `value`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES
(20, 'English', 'Case Marking - Pronouns (Nom - Acc) ', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(21, 'English', 'Case Marking - Pronouns (Erg - Abs) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(22, 'English', 'Case Marking - Pronouns (Tri-Partite)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(23, 'English', 'Case Marking - Pronouns (Active - Inactive) ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(24, 'English', 'Adjective Noun Demonstrative (neutral)   ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(25, 'English', 'Applicative (Benefactive)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(26, 'English', 'Applicative (Non-benefactive)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(27, 'English', 'Demonstrative Noun (possible)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(28, 'English', 'Definite_Article Adjective Noun (neutral)   ', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(29, 'English', 'Definite Marking (exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(30, 'English', 'Case Marking - Full NPs (Tri-Partite) ', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(31, 'English', 'Applicative (Intransitive)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(32, 'English', 'Demonstrative Noun (neutral)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(33, 'English', 'Definite_Article Noun Adjective (neutral)  ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(34, 'English', 'Definite Marking (Article, Non-Demonstrative)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(35, 'English', 'Case Marking - Full NPs (Erg - Abs) ', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(36, 'English', 'Adjective Definite_Article Noun (neutral)   ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(37, 'English', 'Distance Contrast in Demonstratives (exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(38, 'English', 'Case Marking - Full NPs (Nom - Acc) ', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(39, 'English', 'Applicative (Transitive)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(40, 'English', 'Definite_Article Noun (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(41, 'English', 'Adjective Noun Definite_Article (neutral)   ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(42, 'English', 'Distance Contrast in Demonstratives (Two-Way)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(43, 'English', 'Case Marking - Full NPs (No Marking)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(44, 'English', 'Definite_Article Noun Adjective (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(45, 'English', 'Distance Contrast in Demonstratives (Three-Way)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(46, 'English', 'Case Marking - Pronouns (No Marking) ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(47, 'English', 'Case Marking - Pronouns (No Marking) ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(48, 'Dagaare', 'Clitic doubling', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(49, 'English', 'Clitic Doubling', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(50, 'Hungarian', 'Clitic doubling', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(51, 'Icelandic', 'Clitic doubling', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(52, 'Shupamem', 'Clitic doubling', 'no', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(53, 'Catalan', 'Clitic doubling', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(54, 'English', 'Determiners agree in number with nouns', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(55, 'Catalan', 'Determiners agree in number with nouns', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(56, 'English', 'Degree_Word Adjective (possible)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(57, 'English', 'Distance Contrast in Demonstratives (Four-Way)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(58, 'English', 'Clitic Doubling (Direct Object)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(59, 'English', 'Demonstrative Adjective Noun (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(60, 'English', 'Clitic Doubling (Indirect Object)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(61, 'English', 'Demonstrative Noun Adjective (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(62, 'English', 'Adverbial Complementizer at Beginning', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(63, 'English', 'Adjectives without nouns (no marking)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(64, 'English', 'Adverbial Complementizer at End ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(65, 'English', 'Adjectives without noun (marked affixally)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(66, 'English', 'Adverbial Complementizer Clause Internal', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(67, 'English', 'Adverbial Complementizer as Verbal Suffix', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(68, 'English', '3rd Person Pronouns Related to Demonstratives (Non-Remote)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(69, 'English', 'Clausal Negation (Affix)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(70, 'English', 'Clausal Negation (Particle)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(71, 'English', 'Classifiers (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(72, 'English', 'Clausal Negation (Negative Auxiliary Verb)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(73, 'English', 'Associative Plural (Exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(74, 'English', 'Comp Wh-Word (embedded)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(75, 'English', 'Clausal Negation (Different Paradigmatic Distinctions)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(76, 'English', 'Associative Plural (Doubles as Additive Plural)', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(77, 'English', 'Clausal Negation (Same Construction as Aff)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(78, 'English', 'Demonstrative Adjective Noun (neutral)   ', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(79, 'English', 'Associative Plural (Unique Affix)', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(80, 'English', 'Clausal Negation (Different Construction from Aff.)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(81, 'English', 'Adjective Definite_Article Noun (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(82, 'English', 'Associative Plural (Unique Non-Affixal)', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(83, 'English', 'Adjective Degree_Word (possible)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(84, 'English', 'Demonstrative Noun Adjective (neutral) ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(85, 'English', 'Conditional Morpheme is an Affix', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(86, 'English', 'Adjective Demonstrative Noun (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(87, 'English', 'Adjective Demonstrative Noun (neutral)   ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(88, 'English', 'Adjective Noun Definite_Article  (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(89, 'English', 'Adjective Noun Demonstrative  (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(90, 'English', 'Degree_Word Adjective (neutral)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(91, 'English', 'Adposition Noun_Phrase (possible)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(92, 'English', 'Case Marking - Full NPs (Active - Inactive) ', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(93, 'English', 'Adjective Degree_Word (neutral)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(94, 'English', 'Body Part Adpositions (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(95, 'English', 'Adverb Object Verb (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(96, 'English', 'Adverb Verb Object (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(97, 'English', 'Adposition Noun_Phrase (neutral)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(98, 'English', 'Definite_Article Adjective Noun (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(99, 'English', 'Comitatives/Instrumentals (Identity)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(100, 'English', 'Definite Marking (Affixal)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(101, 'English', 'Comitatives/Instrumentals (Differentiation)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(102, 'English', 'Comitatives/Instrumentals (Mixed)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(103, 'English', 'Antipassive (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(104, 'English', 'Distance Contrast in Demonstratives (Five-Way)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(105, 'English', 'Definite Marking (Article, Demonstrative)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(106, 'English', 'Cases on full NPs (2 or more)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(107, 'English', 'Cases on full NPs (3 or more)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(121, 'English', 'Deontic Modality (affix)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(122, 'English', 'Cases on full NPs (4 or more) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(123, 'English', '3rd Person Pronouns Related to Demonstratives (Gender Marker)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(124, 'English', 'Definite_Article Noun', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(125, 'English', 'Definite_Article Noun', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(126, 'English', 'Deontic Modality (verb form)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(127, 'English', 'Cases on pronouns (2 or more) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(129, 'Ewe', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2008-10-10', '2008-10-10 14:09:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(130, 'Hungarian', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'NA', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(131, 'Russian', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'NA', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(132, 'Shupamem', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'NA', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(133, 'Twi', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(134, 'Dagaare', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(135, 'English', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:44', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(136, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(137, 'Catalan', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(138, 'French', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:44', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(139, 'Icelandic', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(140, 'Italian', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:45', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(141, 'Swiss German', 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Thomas Leu', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(142, 'English', 'Deontic Modality (Lexical Category)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(143, 'English', 'Cases on pronouns (3 or more) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(144, 'English', '3rd Person Pronouns Related to Demonstratives', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(145, 'English', 'Clausal Negation (Double)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(146, 'English', 'Clausal Negation (Double)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(147, 'English', 'Deontic Modality (particle)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(148, 'English', 'Cases on pronouns (4 or more) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(149, 'English', '3rd Person Pronouns Related to Demonstratives (All)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(150, 'English', '3rd Person Pronouns Related to Demonstratives (Remote)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(151, 'English', 'Adverb Object Verb (neutral)   ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(152, 'English', 'Adjectives without nouns (marked with word)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(153, 'English', 'Declarative Complementizer (exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(154, 'English', 'Adverb Verb Object (neutral)   ', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(168, 'English', 'Case Symmetry on NPs', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(169, 'Catalan', 'Conditional morpheme precedes verb', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(170, 'English', 'Conditional morpheme precedes verb', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(171, 'English', 'Case Marking--Full NPs (Suffix)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(172, 'English', 'Case Marking--Full NPs (Prefix)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(173, 'English', 'Case Marking--Full NPs (Tone)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(174, 'English', 'Case Marking--Full NPs (Stem Change)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(175, 'English', 'Case Marking--Full NPs (Adpositional Clitic)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(176, 'English', 'Inclusive/Exclusive Pronoun Distinction (Exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(177, 'English', 'Inclusive/Exclusive Verb Inflection (Exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(178, 'English', 'Evidentials (Modal Verb)', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2008-10-31', '2008-10-31 12:08:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(179, 'English', 'Evidentials (Particle)', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2008-10-31', '2008-10-31 12:09:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(180, 'English', 'Inflected Infinitives (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(181, 'English', 'Evidentials (Verbal Affix)', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(182, 'English', 'Evidentials (Tense Affix)', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(183, 'Hungarian', 'Locative clitic', 'NA', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(184, 'English', 'Locative clitic', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(185, 'Icelandic', 'Locative clitic', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(186, 'Shupamem', 'Locative clitic', 'no', 'Laziz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(187, 'Catalan', 'Locative clitic', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(188, 'French', 'Locative clitic', 'yes', 'Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(189, 'English', 'Inalienable Possession (exist)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-28', '2008-11-28 05:10:29', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(190, 'English', 'Genitive_Noun Noun (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(191, 'English', 'Indefinite Pronouns (Interrogative-Based)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(192, 'English', 'Indefinite_Article Noun (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(193, 'English', 'Genitive, Relative, and Adjectival Construction', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(194, 'English', 'Genitive, Relative, OR Adjectival Construction', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(195, 'English', 'Future Tense Morpheme is an Affix', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(196, 'English', 'Epistemic Modality (affix)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(197, 'English', 'Epistemic Modality (Verb Form)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(198, 'English', 'Fusional Morpheme for Case and Number (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(199, 'English', 'Epistemic Modality (Lexical Category)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(200, 'English', 'Fusional Morpheme for Tense, Mood, and Agreement (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(201, 'English', 'Evidentials – Indirect (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(202, 'English', 'Evidentials – Direct (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(203, 'English', 'Double Object Contr. – Give (2 Direct Objects)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(204, 'English', 'Double Object Contr. – Give (2 Direct Objects)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(205, 'English', 'Double Object Contr. – Give (Goal Direct Object)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(206, 'English', 'Double Object Contr. – Give (Theme Direct Object)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(207, 'English', 'Habitual Morpheme (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(208, 'English', 'Modality – Deontic and Epistemic Overlap (Complete)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(209, 'English', 'Modality – Deontic and Epistemic Overlap (Possibility Only)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(210, 'English', 'Genitive_Noun Noun (neutral)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(211, 'English', 'Modality – Deontic and Epistemic Overlap (Necessity Only)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(212, 'English', 'Inflectional Suffixes (exist)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(213, 'English', 'Inflectional Prefixes (exist)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(214, 'English', 'Imperative – 3pl (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(215, 'English', 'Imperative – 1pl (exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(216, 'English', 'Indefinite Marking (exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(217, 'English', 'Imperative – 3sg (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(218, 'English', 'Indefinite Marking (Distinct Article)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(219, 'English', 'Indefinite Marking (Affixal)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(220, 'English', 'Distributive Numerals (Exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(221, 'English', 'Indefinite Marking (Numeral 1 as Article) ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(222, 'English', 'Indefinite Marking (Numeral 1 as Article) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:54:26', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(223, 'English', 'Indefinite Pronouns (Generic-Noun-Based)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(224, 'English', 'Indefinite_Article Noun (neutral)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(225, 'English', 'Indefinite Pronouns (Mixed)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(226, 'Hungarian', 'Indefinite article agrees in gender with noun', 'NA', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(227, 'Icelandic', 'Indefinite article agrees in gender with noun', 'NA', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(228, 'Dagaare', 'Indefinite article agrees in gender with noun', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(229, 'English', 'Indefinite article agrees in gender with noun', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(230, 'Catalan', 'Indefinite article agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(231, 'Catalan', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(232, 'Hungarian', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(233, 'Icelandic', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(234, 'Dagaare', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'yes', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(235, 'English', 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(236, 'English', 'Indefinite Pronoun (Special Expression)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(237, 'English', 'Interrogative Complementizer (exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(238, 'English', 'Indefinite Pronouns (Exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(239, 'Hungarian', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'NA', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(240, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'no', 'Michael Taylor', '2008-05-04', '2008-05-04 16:09:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(241, 'Dagaare', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(242, 'Ewe', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(243, 'Mandarin', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'no', 'Arthur', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(244, 'Shupamem', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'no', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(245, 'Twi', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(246, 'English', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(247, 'English', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(248, 'French', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(249, 'Icelandic', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(250, 'Icelandic', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(251, 'Italian', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(252, 'Russian', 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'yes', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(253, 'Hungarian', 'Genitive pronoun agrees in gender with noun', 'NA', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(254, 'Dagaare', 'Genitive pronoun agrees in gender with noun', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(255, 'English', 'Genitive pronoun agrees in gender with noun', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(256, 'Icelandic', 'Genitive pronoun agrees in gender with noun', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(257, 'English', 'Intensifiers Identical to Reflexive Pronouns', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(258, 'English', 'Negative Asymmetry – Finiteness', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:43:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(259, 'English', 'Negative Asymmetry – NonReal ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:43:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(260, 'English', 'Negative Asymmetry – Category', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:33:07', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(261, 'English', 'Imperative – 2pl (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(262, 'English', 'Imperative – 2sg (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(263, 'English', 'Imperative (2-person syncretic)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(264, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality (2 or More Changes)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-13', '2008-11-13 11:00:53', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(265, 'English', 'Null Copula (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:44:26', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(266, 'English', 'Noun Genitive_Noun (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:32:32', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(267, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality (Plural Word) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(268, 'English', 'Nominal and Locational Predication (same)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(269, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality (Clitic)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-13', '2008-11-13 11:20:57', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(270, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality Marking (exist)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(271, 'English', 'Noun Adjective Definite_Article (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:06:08', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(272, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality (Human Only)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-13', '2008-11-13 11:23:57', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(273, 'English', 'Numeral Agreement', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(274, 'Hungarian', 'Numeral Agreement', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:34:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(275, 'Catalan', 'Numeral Agreement', 'yes', 'yes', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(276, 'Dagaare', 'Numeral Agreement', 'yes', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(277, 'Icelandic', 'Numeral Agreement', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:34:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(278, 'Shupamem', 'Numeral Agreement', 'yes', 'Laziz Nchare', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:35:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(279, 'English', 'Noun Adjective Demonstrative (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:13:02', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(280, 'English', 'Noun Definite_Article Adjective (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:13:02', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(281, 'English', 'Noun_Phrase Adposition (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(282, 'English', 'Noun Demonstrative Adjective (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:32:32', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(283, 'English', 'Noun Adjective Demonstrative (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:32:32', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(284, 'English', 'Negative Indefinites – Bipartite – Preclude Neg2', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(285, 'English', 'Negative Indefinites – Bipartite – Preclude Neg1', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(286, 'English', 'Noun Demonstrative (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:32:32', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(287, 'English', 'Negative Indefinites – Bipartite – Preclude All Clausal Negation', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(288, 'English', 'Negative Indefinites – Bipartite – Require All Clausal Negation', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(289, 'English', 'Noun Demonstrative Adjective (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:13:02', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(290, 'English', 'Noun Definite_Article Adjective (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:32:32', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(291, 'English', 'Negative Indefinites – Existential Construction', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(292, 'English', 'Noun Demonstrative (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:32:32', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(293, 'English', 'Noun Genitive_Noun (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:13:02', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(294, 'English', 'Noun Adjective Definite_Article (neutral)   ', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:30:53', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(295, 'English', 'Negative Indefinites – Require Clausal Negation', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(296, 'English', 'Noun PP (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(297, 'English', 'Negative Indefinites – Preclude Clausal Negation', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(298, 'English', 'Noun Relative_Clause (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(299, 'Catalan', 'Nominal Conjunction: ‘And’ and ‘with’ the same', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(300, 'English', 'Nominal Conjunction: ‘And’ and ‘with’ the same', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(301, 'English', 'Nominal Conjunction: ‘And’ and ‘with’ the same', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(302, 'Icelandic', 'Nominal Conjunction: ‘And’ and ‘with’ the same', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(303, 'English', 'Noun Simple_Adjective (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(304, 'Catalan', 'Nominal/Verbal Conjunction the same', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(305, 'English', 'Nominal/Verbal Conjunction the same', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:20:12', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(306, 'Icelandic', 'Nominal/Verbal Conjunction the same', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(307, 'English', 'Noun_Phrase Adposition (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(308, 'English', 'Noun Relative_Clause (neutral)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:41:05', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(309, 'English', 'Nominal Genders (No Distinctions)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(310, 'English', 'Nominal genders (2 or more)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-10-31', '2008-10-31 14:44:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(311, 'English', 'Nominal genders (3 or more)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-10-31', '2008-10-31 14:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(312, 'English', 'Nominal genders (4 or more)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(313, 'English', 'Nominal genders (5 or more)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(314, 'English', 'Noun Numeral (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:32:32', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(315, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality (Obligatory)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-13', '2008-11-13 11:26:34', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(316, 'English', 'Noun Numeral (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:32:32', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(317, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality (Prefix)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:10:25', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(318, 'English', 'Noun Simple_Adjective (neutral) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:43:13', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(319, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality (Suffix)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(320, 'English', 'Number Marking (Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:00:08', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(321, 'English', 'Noun PP (neutral)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:36:07', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(322, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality (Stem Change)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(323, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality (Tone)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(324, 'English', 'Nominal Plurality (Complete Reduplication)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-13', '2008-11-13 11:21:40', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(325, 'English', 'Number Marking (Syncretic) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:02:53', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(326, 'English', 'Person Marking Alignment (Active)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(327, 'English', 'Person Marking (1sg and 2sg Syncretic)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:54:38', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(328, 'English', 'Person Marking (1sg and 3sg Syncretic)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:54:38', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(329, 'English', 'Person Marking Alignment (Hierarchical) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(330, 'English', 'Person Marking (2sg and 3sg Syncretic)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:54:38', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(331, 'English', 'Person Marking (1pl and 2pl Syncretic)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:54:38', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(332, 'English', 'Person Marking (1pl and 3pl syncretic)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:54:38', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(333, 'English', 'Person Marking (2pl and 3pl Syncretic) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:54:38', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(334, 'English', 'Person Marking – Verbal (Subject/Agent)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(335, 'English', 'Person Marking – Verbal (Object/Patient)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(336, 'English', 'Optative Affix (exist)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:02:53', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(337, 'English', 'Object Adverb Verb (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(338, 'Ewe', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(339, 'Mandarin', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'NA', 'Arthur Wang', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(340, 'Shupamem', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'NA', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(341, 'Twi', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(342, 'Catalan', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(343, 'English', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(344, 'Hungarian', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(345, 'Icelandic', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(346, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'yes', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(347, 'French', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(348, 'Italian', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'yes', 'Andrea Cattaneo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(349, 'Russian', 'Past Participle Agreement', 'yes', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(350, 'English', 'Object Verb (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:39:08', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(351, 'English', 'Object PP Verb (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(352, 'English', 'Person Marking – Verbal (Subject/Agent or Object/Patient)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(353, 'English', 'Person Marking on Adpositions', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(354, 'English', 'Object Subject Verb (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(355, 'English', 'Person Marking – 3 Person Zero (Exist)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(356, 'English', 'Object Verb PP (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(357, 'English', 'Person Marking – 3 Person Zero (All)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(358, 'English', 'Person Marking – Order (Agent Patient)', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(359, 'English', 'Object Verb Subject (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:39:08', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(360, 'English', 'Object Verb Adverb (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:39:08', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(361, 'English', 'Person Marking – Order (Patient Agent) ', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(362, 'English', 'Object Adverb Verb (neutral)      ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:39:08', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(363, 'English', 'Past Imperfect Morpheme is an Affix', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(364, 'English', 'Numeral Noun (neutral)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:43:13', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(365, 'English', 'Person Marking – Order (Agent-Patient Fused) ', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(366, 'English', 'Passive Construction (exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(367, 'English', 'Participle in Progressive (exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(368, 'English', 'Participle in Progressive (exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:14:43', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(369, 'English', 'Object Verb (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(370, 'English', 'Person Marking (1 and 2 Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:28:06', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(371, 'English', 'Object Verb Adverb (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(372, 'English', 'Object Subject Verb (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:39:08', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(373, 'English', 'Object Verb Subject (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(374, 'English', 'Perfect Aspect (Marked on verb)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:43:33', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(375, 'English', 'Numeral Noun (possible)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:39:08', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(376, 'Catalan', 'Past Tense', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(377, 'English', 'Past Tense', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:02:53', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(378, 'Icelandic', 'Past Tense', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(379, 'Icelandic', 'Past Tense', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(380, 'English', 'Person Marking (2 and 3 Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:54:38', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(381, 'English', 'Person Marking (1 and 3 Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:54:38', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(382, 'English', 'Perfect Aspect (exist)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:02:53', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(383, 'English', 'Perfect aspect homophonous with possessive', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:22:31', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(384, 'English', 'Person Marking (Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:54:38', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(385, 'English', 'Perfect aspect homophonous with ‘finished’', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:22:31', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(386, 'Icelandic', 'Perfect aspect homophonous with ‘finished’', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02');
INSERT INTO `unapproved_languages` (`id`, `language`, `property`, `value`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES
(387, 'English', 'Object PP Verb (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(388, 'English', 'Person Marking Alignment  (Nom - Acc)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(389, 'English', 'Object Verb PP (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(390, 'English', 'Person Marking (Syncretic)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:54:38', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(391, 'English', 'Person Marking Alignment  (Erg - Abs)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:58:22', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(392, 'English', 'Partitive clitic', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(393, 'Hungarian', 'Partitive clitic', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(394, 'Icelandic', 'Partitive clitic', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(395, 'Shupamem', 'Partitive clitic', 'no', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(396, 'Catalan', 'Partitive clitic', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(397, 'French', 'Partitive clitic', 'yes', 'Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(398, 'English', 'Predicative Possession (Transitive ‘Have’)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:14:20', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(400, 'English', 'Politeness Disctinction in Pronouns (Exist)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:54:52', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(401, 'English', 'Predicative Possession (Existential – Locational)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:14:20', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(402, 'English', 'PP Noun (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:43:13', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(403, 'English', 'Politeness Distinction in Pronouns (Binary)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:54:52', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(404, 'English', 'Predicative Possession (Existential – Genitive)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:14:20', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(405, 'English', 'Politeness Distinction in Pronouns (multiple)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:54:52', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(406, 'English', 'Predicative Possession (Existential – Topic)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:14:20', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(407, 'English', 'PP Verb Object (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(408, 'English', 'Politeness Distinction in Pronouns (Avoidance)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:54:52', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(409, 'English', 'Predicative Possession (Conjunctional)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:14:20', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(410, 'English', 'PP Object Verb (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(411, 'English', 'Possessive Classes (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(412, 'English', 'Pronominal Gender (Exist)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:14:20', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(415, 'English', 'Pronominal Gender (3SG)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:14:20', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(416, 'English', 'Pronominal Gender (1 or 2, not 3)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:27:59', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(417, 'English', 'Pronominal Gender (3PL)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:14:20', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(418, 'English', 'Person Marking on Adpositions (Pronominal)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(420, 'English', 'Prohibitive (Non-imperative verb form and Sentential Neg)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-28', '2008-11-28 05:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(421, 'English', 'Person/Number Marking (Syncretic)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(422, 'English', 'Present progressive interpreted as future', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(423, 'English', 'PP Noun (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(424, 'English', 'Pronominal Subjects (Expressed as Affixes)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:21:47', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(425, 'English', 'Prohibitive (Imperative verb form and Non-Sentential Neg)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-28', '2008-11-28 05:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(426, 'English', 'PP Object Verb (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(427, 'English', 'Pronominal Subjects (Expressed as Clitics)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:21:47', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(428, 'English', 'Prohibitive (Non-imperative verb form and Non-sentential Neg)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-28', '2008-11-28 05:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(429, 'English', 'PP Verb Object (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(430, 'English', 'Pronominal/Adnominal Demostratives (Same)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:26:47', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(431, 'English', 'Person/Number Marking (Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 12:20:07', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(432, 'English', 'Pronominal Subjects (Obligatory – in Non-subject Postion)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:21:47', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(433, 'English', 'Purpose Clauses - Dependent Mood (exist)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:34:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(434, 'English', 'Pronominal/Adnominal Demonstratives (Different Stems)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:26:47', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(435, 'English', 'Pronominal Subjects (Obligatory – in Subject Position)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:21:47', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(436, 'English', 'Predicative Adjectives - Verbal (exist)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:54:52', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(437, 'English', 'Purpose Clauses - Non-finite (exist) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:31:37', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(438, 'English', 'Pronominal/Adnominal Demonstratives (Different Inflection)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:26:47', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(439, 'English', 'Predicative Adjectives - Copular (exist)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:54:52', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(440, 'English', 'Question Particle in 1st Position (neutral)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-12-19', '2008-12-19 11:11:33', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(441, 'English', 'Reason  Clauses - Same as Finite (exist) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:31:37', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(442, 'English', 'Sex-based Gender - Pronouns (exist)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-28', '2008-11-28 05:20:29', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(443, 'English', 'Subject Object Verb (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:24:23', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(444, 'English', 'Utterance Complements – Ordinary Finite Clause', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:02:39', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(445, 'English', 'Verb Object Adverb (neutral)   ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:30:43', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(446, 'English', 'Yes-No Question clitic (exist)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:02:39', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(447, 'English', 'Relative_Clause Noun (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:18:12', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(448, 'English', 'Sex-based Gender - Full NPs (exist) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-28', '2008-11-28 05:21:05', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(449, 'English', 'Utterance Complements – Switch Reference', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(450, 'English', 'Verb Adverb Object (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:30:43', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(451, 'English', 'Verb Object Subject (Possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:30:43', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(452, 'English', 'Yes-No Question Verbal Morphology (exist)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:02:39', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(453, 'English', 'Utterance Complements – Same Reference', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(454, 'English', 'Verbal Nouns (exist)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(455, 'English', 'Yes-No Question Word Order Change (exist)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:30:43', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(456, 'English', 'Relative_Clause Noun (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(457, 'English', 'Serial Verb Constructions (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(458, 'English', 'Verbal Nouns with Clausal Case Marking (exist)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:02:39', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(459, 'Dagaare', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(460, 'English', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(461, 'Catalan', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(462, 'Hungarian', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(463, 'Icelandic', 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(464, 'English', 'Simple_Adjective Noun (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(465, 'English', 'Sporadic Advancement Constructions (exist)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:24:23', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(466, 'English', 'Tense and Aspect marked with prefixes', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:24:23', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(467, 'Icelandic', 'Tense and Aspect marked with prefixes', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(468, 'English', 'Verbal Nouns (possessive case marking)', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(469, 'English', 'Reciprocals (Verb Reduplication)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:18:12', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(471, 'English', 'Tense and Aspect marked with suffixes', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:24:23', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(472, 'Icelandic', 'Tense and Aspect marked with suffixes', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(473, 'English', 'Reciprocals (Same as Reflexive)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:18:12', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(474, 'English', 'Reduplication', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:18:12', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(475, 'English', 'Tense and Aspect marked with tone', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:24:23', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(476, 'English', 'Verb Object PP (neutral)   ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(477, 'English', 'Verb Object PP (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(478, 'English', 'Verb Subject Object (possible)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(479, 'Hungarian', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'NA', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(480, 'Russian', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'NA', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(481, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(482, 'Catalan', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(483, 'French', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(484, 'Italian', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(485, 'Romanian', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'no', 'Oana Savescu', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(486, 'Dagaare', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'yes', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(487, 'English', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(488, 'Ewe', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(489, 'Icelandic', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(490, 'Shupamem', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'yes', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(491, 'Twi', 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(492, 'Mandarin', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'no', 'Arthur Wang', '2008-05-05', '2008-05-05 17:19:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(493, 'Shupamem', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'no', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(494, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(495, 'Catalan', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(496, 'Dagaare', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(497, 'English', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(498, 'Ewe', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(499, 'French', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(500, 'Hungarian', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(501, 'Icelandic', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(502, 'Italian', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Andrea Cattaneo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(503, 'Russian', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(504, 'Twi', 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(505, 'English', 'When Clauses - Dependent Mood (exist) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-28', '2008-11-28 05:19:59', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(506, 'English', 'Reciprocals (Affix)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:18:12', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(507, 'English', 'Simple_Adjective Noun (neutral)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:24:23', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(509, 'English', 'Verb PP Object (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(510, 'English', 'Verb PP Object (possible)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-19', '2009-01-19 15:03:58', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(511, 'English', 'When Clauses - Non-finite (exist) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:02:39', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(512, 'English', 'Question Particle in Final Position (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:24:23', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(513, 'English', 'Reciprocals (Separate Word)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:18:12', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(514, 'English', 'Subject Object Verb (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:43:13', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(515, 'English', 'Verb Adverb Object (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(516, 'English', 'Verb Object (neutral)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:30:43', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(517, 'English', 'Verb Object Subject (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:30:43', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(518, 'English', 'When Clauses - Same as Finite (exist) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:02:39', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(519, 'English', 'Question Particle in 2nd Position (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:31:37', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(520, 'English', 'Reason Clauses - Dependent Mood (exist) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:34:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(521, 'English', 'Utterance Complements – Different Realization', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:02:39', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(522, 'English', 'Verb Object (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(523, 'English', 'Verb Subject Object (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:30:43', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(524, 'English', 'Question Particle in Either of 2 Positions (neutral)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:34:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(525, 'English', 'Reason  Clauses - Non-finite (exist) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:24:23', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(526, 'English', 'Utterance Complements – Different Clause Type ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 14:02:39', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(527, 'English', 'Verb Object Adverb (possible)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(528, 'English', 'Yes-No Question particle (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(529, 'English', 'Yes-No Question particle (exist)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(531, 'English', '3rd Person Pronoun Related to Demonstratives (Non-Human)', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:32:42', '2009-01-19 15:32:42'),
(597, 'Icelandic', 'Future Tense', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:04:46', '2009-01-22 00:04:46'),
(598, 'Catalan', 'Future Tense', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:04:46', '2009-01-22 00:04:46'),
(599, 'Catalan', 'Adpositions precede noun phrase', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(600, 'English', 'Adpositions precede noun phrase', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-10-10', '2008-10-10 13:40:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(601, 'Shupamem', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'NA', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(602, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'no', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(603, 'Dagaare', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(604, 'English', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(605, 'French', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(606, 'Icelandic', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(607, 'Italian', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'no', 'Andrea Cattaneo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(608, 'Mandarin', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'no', 'Arthur Wang', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(609, 'Catalan', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(610, 'Ewe', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(611, 'Hungarian', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(612, 'Twi', 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(613, 'Russian', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'NA', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(614, 'Shupamem', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'NA', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(615, 'Ewe', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(616, 'Romanian', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'no', 'Oana Savescu', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(617, 'Twi', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(618, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Michael Taylor', '2008-05-04', '2008-05-04 15:54:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(619, 'Catalan', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(620, 'Dagaare', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(621, 'English', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(622, 'French', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(623, 'Hungarian', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(624, 'Icelandic', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(625, 'Italian', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(626, 'Swiss German', 'Definite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Thomas Leu', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(627, 'Icelandic', 'Imperative form for 2-Person Plural', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(628, 'Icelandic', 'Imperative form for 2-Person Singular', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(629, 'English', 'Indefinite_Article Noun', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(630, 'English', 'Noun_Phrase Adposition', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:43:13', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(645, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'no', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(646, 'English', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(647, 'French', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(648, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(649, 'Italian', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(650, 'Catalan', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(651, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(652, 'Ewe', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(653, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(654, 'Mandarin', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'Arthur', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(655, 'Russian', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(656, 'Shupamem', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(657, 'Twi', 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(658, 'Catalan', 'Object clitic doubling', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(659, 'Dagaare', 'Object clitic doubling', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(660, 'Hungarian', 'Object clitic doubling', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(662, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of future verb form', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(663, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of future verb form', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(664, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of future verb form', 'no', 'Jim WOod', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(665, 'Catalan', 'Presence of future verb form', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(666, 'Dagaare', 'Present tense interpreted as future', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(667, 'Hungarian', 'Present tense interpreted as future', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(668, 'Hungarian', 'Present tense interpreted as future', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(669, 'Icelandic', 'Present tense interpreted as future', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(670, 'Dagaare', 'Indirect object clitic doubling', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(671, 'Hungarian', 'Indirect object clitic doubling', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(672, 'Catalan', 'Indirect object clitic doubling', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(673, 'Ewe', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'NA', 'Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(674, 'Twi', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'NA', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(675, 'Catalan', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(676, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(677, 'English', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-10-10', '2008-10-10 13:39:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(678, 'French', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'no', 'Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(679, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(680, 'Italian', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'no', 'Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(681, 'Russian', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'no', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(682, 'Shupamem', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'no', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(683, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'yes', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(684, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of inflected infinitives', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(685, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of interrogative complementizer', 'NA', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(686, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of interrogative complementizer', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(687, 'Catalan', 'Presence of interrogative complementizer', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(689, 'English', 'Inflectional Prefixes', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(690, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of a participle in progressive', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(691, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of a participle in progressive', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(692, 'Catalan', 'Presence of a participle in progressive', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(693, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of a participle in progressive', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(694, 'Catalan', 'Presence of Obligatory Possessive Inflection', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(695, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of Passive', 'NA', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(696, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of Passive', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(697, 'Ewe', 'Presence of Passive', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(698, 'Shupamem', 'Presence of Passive', 'no', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(699, 'Twi', 'Presence of Passive', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(700, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(701, 'Catalan', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(702, 'English', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(703, 'French', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(704, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(705, 'Italian', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Andrea Cattaneo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(706, 'Mandarin', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Arthur Wang ', '2008-05-03', '2008-05-03 21:26:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(707, 'Russian', 'Presence of Passive', 'yes', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(708, 'English', 'Inflectional Suffixes', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(709, 'Catalan', 'Neutral Word Order = OSV', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(710, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of past imperfect verb form', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(711, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of past imperfect verb form', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(712, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of past imperfect verb form', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(713, 'Catalan', 'Presence of past imperfect verb form', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(716, 'Catalan', 'Neutral Word Order = OVS', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(717, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(718, 'Catalan', 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', 'yes', 'txuss', '2008-07-08', '2008-07-08 15:29:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(719, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(720, 'Italian', 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', 'yes', 'Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(721, 'Catalan', 'Presence of Possessive Classes', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(723, 'Icelandic', 'Imperative form syncretic for 2-person', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(724, 'Catalan', 'Neutral Word Order = SOV', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(725, 'Catalan', 'Presence of body part adpositions', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(726, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of body part adpositions', 'yes', 'Bodomo', '2008-06-03', '2008-06-03 11:09:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(727, 'Catalan', 'Presence of Serial Verb Constructions', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(728, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of Serial Verb Constructions', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(729, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of Serial Verb Constructions', 'yes', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(730, 'Ewe', 'Presence of Serial Verb Constructions', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-10-10', '2008-10-10 14:10:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(731, 'Mandarin', 'Presence of Serial Verb Constructions', 'yes', 'Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(732, 'Shupamem', 'Presence of Serial Verb Constructions', 'yes', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(733, 'Twi', 'Presence of Serial Verb Constructions', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(734, 'Catalan', 'Neutral Word Order = SVO', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(735, 'Icelandic', 'Neutral Word Order = SVO', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(736, 'English', 'Obligatory Possessive Inflection (exist)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:02:53', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(737, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'NA', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(738, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(739, 'Catalan', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(740, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(741, 'English', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(742, 'Ewe', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(743, 'French', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(744, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(745, 'Italian', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'Andrea Cattaneo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(746, 'Russian', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(747, 'Shupamem', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(748, 'Twi', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(749, 'Mandarin', 'Presence of Classifiers', 'yes', 'Arthur Wang', '2008-05-08', '2008-05-08 10:28:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(750, 'Catalan', 'Presence of Verbal Nouns', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(751, 'Icelandic', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'NA', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(752, 'Dagaare', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(753, 'Catalan', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(754, 'Hungarian', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(755, 'Oevdalian', 'Indefinite article precedes noun', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(756, 'Catalan', 'Neutral Word Order = VOS', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(757, 'English', 'Perfective Aspect', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 11:22:31', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(758, 'Catalan', 'Perfective Aspect', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(759, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'NA', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(760, 'Mandarin', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'no', 'Arthur', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:47', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(761, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(762, 'Catalan', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(763, 'English', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(764, 'Ewe', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(765, 'French', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(766, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(767, 'Italian', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(768, 'Russian', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(769, 'Shupamem', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(770, 'Twi', 'Presence of declarative complementizer', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(771, 'Catalan', 'Presence of Verbal Nouns with clausal case marking', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(772, 'Catalan', 'Neutral Word Order = VSO', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(773, 'Catalan', 'Possibility of Verb-Subject-Object order', 'no', 'txuss', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:43:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(774, 'Dagaare', 'Possibility of Verb-Subject-Object order', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(775, 'Hungarian', 'Possibility of Verb-Subject-Object order', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:44:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(776, 'Icelandic', 'Possibility of Verb-Subject-Object order', 'yes', 'Jim Wood', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:45:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(777, 'Shupamem', 'Possibility of Verb-Subject-Object order', 'yes', 'Laziz Nchare', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:44:00', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(778, 'Catalan', 'Presence of distinct habitual morpheme', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(779, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of distinct habitual morpheme', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(780, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of distinct habitual morpheme', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(781, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of distinct habitual morpheme', 'yes', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(782, 'Catalan', 'Presence of Verbal Nouns with possessive case marking', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(784, 'English', 'PP Object V (possible)', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(785, 'English', 'V Object PP (neutral)   ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:30:43', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(786, 'English', 'V PP Object (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:30:43', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(787, 'English', 'Object PP V (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:39:08', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(788, 'English', 'V Object PP (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(789, 'English', 'Object PP V (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(790, 'English', 'PP V Object (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:40:35', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(791, 'English', 'Object V PP (possible) ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(792, 'English', 'PP V Object (possible) ', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(793, 'English', 'V PP Object (possible)', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-01-03', '2009-01-03 11:16:56', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(794, 'English', 'PP Object V (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 13:40:35', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(795, 'English', 'Object V PP (neutral)   ', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:39:08', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(797, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Michael Taylor', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-23 13:31:31', '2009-01-23 13:31:31'),
(798, 'Catalan', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-23 13:31:31', '2009-01-23 13:31:31'),
(799, 'Dagaare', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Bodomo', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-23 13:31:31', '2009-01-23 13:31:31'),
(800, 'English', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:45', '2009-01-23 13:31:31', '2009-01-23 13:31:31'),
(801, 'Hindi', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Bains', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-23 13:31:31', '2009-01-23 13:31:31'),
(802, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-23 13:31:31', '2009-01-23 13:31:31'),
(803, 'Icelandic', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-23 13:31:31', '2009-01-23 13:31:31'),
(804, 'Italian', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Andrea', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:45', '2009-01-23 13:31:31', '2009-01-23 13:31:31'),
(805, 'Russian', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'no', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-23 13:31:31', '2009-01-23 13:31:31'),
(806, 'Ewe', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:45', '2009-01-23 13:31:31', '2009-01-23 13:31:31'),
(807, 'French', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:45', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(808, 'Hungarian', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'yes', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(809, 'Shupamem', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'yes', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(810, 'Twi', 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', 'yes', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-01-23 13:31:32', '2009-01-23 13:31:32'),
(811, 'English', 'Adjective Agreement', 'No', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(812, 'Ewe', 'Adjective Agreement', 'No', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(813, 'Hungarian', 'Adjective Agreement', 'No', 'Szabolcsi', NULL, NULL, '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(814, 'Ilokano', 'Adjective Agreement', 'No', 'Jeremy Rafal', '2009-04-28', '2009-04-28 12:56:24', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(815, 'Japanese', 'Adjective Agreement', 'No', 'Ken Hiraiwa', '2009-03-22', '2009-03-22 01:09:50', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(816, 'Mandarin', 'Adjective Agreement', 'No', 'Arthur Wang', NULL, NULL, '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(817, 'Nupe', 'Adjective Agreement', 'No', 'Jason Kandybowicz', '2009-04-04', '2009-04-04 18:36:33', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(818, 'Taiwanese Southern Min', 'Adjective Agreement', 'No', 'Arthur', '2009-03-30', '2009-03-30 17:35:10', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(819, 'Twi', 'Adjective Agreement', 'No', 'Chris Collins', '2008-11-27', '2008-11-27 12:35:58', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(820, 'Bellinzonese', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-02-19', '2009-02-19 09:48:31', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(821, 'Brazilian Portuguese', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Michael Taylor', '2008-06-27', '2008-06-27 13:38:00', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(822, 'Catalan', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(823, 'Dutch', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Hilda Koopman', '2009-04-29', '2009-04-29 18:06:37', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(824, 'European Portuguese', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Salvador Mascarenhas', '2009-03-18', '2009-03-18 17:14:39', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(825, 'French', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', NULL, NULL, '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(826, 'Greek', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-02-02', '2009-02-02 17:00:32', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(827, 'Hebrew', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Chris Collins', '2009-03-24', '2009-03-24 12:32:19', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05');
INSERT INTO `unapproved_languages` (`id`, `language`, `property`, `value`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES
(828, 'Icelandic', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(829, 'Italian', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Andrea Cattaneo', NULL, NULL, '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(830, 'Romanian', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'oana savescu', '2009-03-17', '2009-03-17 17:31:39', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(831, 'Russian', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Inna Livitz', NULL, NULL, '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(832, 'Shupamem', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Laziz Nchare', NULL, NULL, '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05'),
(833, 'Spanish', 'Adjective Agreement', 'Yes', 'Violeta Vazquez-Rojas', '2009-04-30', '2009-04-30 10:23:19', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `unapproved_properties`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `unapproved_properties` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `property` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `description` text,
  `author` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `date` date default NULL,
  `time` datetime default NULL,
  `created_at` datetime default NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime default NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=534 ;

--
-- Dumping data for table `unapproved_properties`
--

INSERT INTO `unapproved_properties` (`id`, `property`, `description`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES
(8, 'Case Marking - Pronouns (Nom - Acc) ', 'Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient (Comrie 2008). Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. <br><br>A ''yes'' value indicates that the language has what is knowns as a Nominative-Accusative system on pronouns (though it may not on full NPs), where the subject of transitive clauses is formally the same as the subject of intransitive clauses, but the object of transitive clauses is different. <br><br>An example is Standard English, where a subject of transitive/intransitive clauses is normally nominative, as in <i><b>He</b> bit me</i> or <i><b>He</b> fell</i>, but the object is in the accusative case, as in <i>They bit <b>him</b></i>.<br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages have no overt case marking on pronouns will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. <br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Comrie, Bernard. 2008. Alignment of Case Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapters 98-99. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/98â€>http://wals.info/feature/98</a href>. ', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-07', '2008-08-07 14:16:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(9, 'Case Marking - Pronouns (Erg - Abs) ', 'Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient (Comrie 2008). Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. <br><br>A ''yes'' value indicates that the language has what is known as a Ergative-Absolutive system on Pronouns (though not necessarily on full NPs), where the subject of intransitive clauses is formally the same as the object of transitive clauses, but the subject of transitive clauses is different. The unique case for the subject of transitive clauses is known as <b>Ergative</b> case, while the others are known as <b>Absolutive</b>. <br><br>[NEED EXAMPLE]<br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages have no overt case marking on pronouns will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. <br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Comrie, Bernard. 2008. Alignment of Case Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapters 98-99. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/98â€>http://wals.info/feature/98</a href>. ', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-07', '2013-08-07 14:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(10, 'Case Marking - Pronouns (Tri-Partite)', ' Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. <br><br>A ''yes'' value for this property indicates that the language uses case markers to distinguish between inactive and active arguments on <b>Pronouns</b> (regardless of whether this holds for full NPs as well). <br><br> [NEED EXAMPLE]<br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages have no overt case marking on pronouns will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. <br><br> <b>Glossing Convention:</b> The ''active'' case marker will be glossed agent <b>AGT</b>, and the inactive marker will be glossed patient <b>PAT</b>.<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Comrie, Bernard. 2008. Alignment of Case Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapters 98-99. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/98â€>http://wals.info/feature/98</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-07', '2008-08-07 14:22:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(11, 'Case Marking - Pronouns (Active - Inactive) ', 'Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. However, as discussed in Comrie (2008), in some languages, case markers instead active arguments (i.e. agents) from non-active arguments (e.g. patients). These will be called Active-Inactive systems. <br><br>A ''yes'' value for this property indicates that the language uses case markers to distinguish between inactive and active arguments on <b>Pronouns</b> (regardless of whether this holds for full NPs as well). <br><br>[NEED EXAMPLE]<br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages have no overt case marking on pronouns will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. <br><br> <b>Glossing Convention:</b> The ''active'' case marker will be glossed agent <b>AGT</b>, and the inactive marker will be glossed patient <b>PAT</b>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-08', '2008-08-07 14:24:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(12, 'Adjective Noun Demonstrative (neutral)   ', 'The word order Adjective Noun Demonstrative is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(13, 'Applicative (Benefactive)', ' \r\nThe language has a distinct applicative construction, which can be used for <b>benefactives</b>. In an applicative construction, an affix is added to the verb, allowing the verb to take one additional argument, in this case, a benefactive argument. <br><br> Polinsky (2008) provides an example from Tukang Besi. The verb for ‘fetch’ normally takes one object, as in <i>no-ala te kau</i> ‘3.REALIS-fetch the wood’ for ‘she fetched the wood.’ Adding the applicative affix <i>-ako</i> allows the verb to take one additional benefactive argument, as in <i>no-ala<b>-ako</b> <u>te ina-su</u> te kau</i> ‘3.REALIS-fetch<b>-APPL</b> <u>the mother-my</u> the wood’ for ‘She fetched the wood (as a favor) for my mother’ (Polinsky 2008). <br><br><b>Note:</b> A construction is only considered applicative if it has both an affix and an additional arguments. Thus, English sentences like <i>I baked her a cake</i> do not qualify. <br><br><b>Glossing Convention:</b> The applicative morpheme will be glossed APPL. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Polinsky, Maria. 2008. Applicative Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 109. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/109">http://wals.info/feature/109</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-12', '2008-08-12 19:51:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(14, 'Applicative (Non-benefactive)', ' \r\nThe language has a distinct applicative construction, which can be used for <b>non-benefactives</b>. In an applicative construction, an affix is added to the verb, allowing the verb to take one additional argument, in this case, a non-benefactive argument. <br><br> Polinsky (2008) provides an example from Lai. The verb for ‘grow up’ normally takes no object. Adding the applicative affix <i>-pii</i>, however, allows the verb to take one additional “comitiveâ€ argument, as in <i>?a-<u>ka-</u>Than<b>-pii</b></i> ‘3sg.SUBJ-<u>1sg.OBJ-</u>grow.up<b>-APPL</b> for ‘He grew up with me’ (Polinsky 2008). <br><br><b>Note:</b> A construction is only considered applicative if it has both an affix and an additional arguments. Thus, English sentences like <i>I baked her a cake</i> do not qualify. <br><br><b>Glossing Convention:</b> The applicative morpheme will be glossed APPL. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Polinsky, Maria. 2008. Applicative Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 109. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/109">http://wals.info/feature/109</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-12', '2008-08-12 19:59:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(15, 'Demonstrative Noun (possible)', 'Demonstratives, such <i>this, that</i>, precede the noun they modify, as in English <i>this book</i>, though this order may be stylistically marked or involve focus on one of the constituents in the phrase. ', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(16, 'Definite_Article Adjective Noun (neutral)   ', 'The word order Definite_Article Adjective Noun is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>An example is English <i>the loud guitar</i>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-20', '2008-07-20 11:49:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(17, 'Definite Marking (exist)', 'This property refers to languages that mark the specificity of a noun, using either a definite article or affix.  In English, when the speaker refers to a specific noun with which the hearer is familiar, he or she will use a definite article, as in <i>Let''s go to <b>the</b> beach</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Definite Articles.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 37.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/37">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/37</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-27', '2008-07-27 15:41:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(18, 'Case Marking - Full NPs (Tri-Partite) ', '\r\nCase markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ''yes'' value indicates that the language has what is known as a Tripartite system on <b>Full NPs</b> (not just pronouns), where all of the subject of intransitive clauses, the subject of transitive clauses, and the object of transitive clauses are formally distinct from each other. <br><br>An example from Comrie (2008) is Hindi. ''Boy'' has a different form in the intransitive sentence <i><b>laRkaa</b> kal aay-aa</i> ''boy yesterday come.AOR-SG.M'' from that in the sentence <i>laRke ne laRkii ko dekh-aa</i> ''boy.OBL ERG girl ACC see-SG.M''. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Note:</b> Languages have no overt case marking will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. <br><br> \r\n\r\n<b>Glossing Convention:</b> The subject of a transitive clause will be glossed ergative <b>ERG</b>, the object of a transitive clause will be glossed accusative <b>ACC</b>, and the subject of an intransitive clause will be glossed nominative <b>NOM</b>.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nComrie, Bernard. 2008. Alignment of Case Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapters 98-99. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/98â€>http://wals.info/feature/98</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 14:11:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(19, 'Applicative (Intransitive)', 'The language has a distinct applicative construction, which can be used on <b>intransitive </b> base verbs. In an applicative construction, an affix is added to the verb, allowing the verb to take one additional argument. This property indicates that the language has an applicative construction which can apply to otherwise intransitive verbs. <br><br> Polinsky (2008) provides an example from Lai. The verb for ‘grow up’ normally takes no object. Adding the applicative affix <i>-pii</i>, however, allows the verb to take one additional “comitiveâ€ argument, as in <i>?a-<u>ka-</u>Than<b>-pii</b> ‘3sg.SUBJ-<u>1sg.OBJ-</u>grow.up<b>-APPL</b></i> for ‘He grew up with me’ (Polinsky 2008). <br><br><b>Note:</b> A construction is only considered applicative if it has both an affix and an additional arguments. Thus, English sentences like <i>I baked her a cake</i> do not qualify. <br><br><b>Glossing Convention:</b> The applicative morpheme will be glossed APPL. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Polinsky, Maria. 2008. Applicative Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 109. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/109">http://wals.info/feature/109</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-12', '2008-08-12 20:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(20, 'Demonstrative Noun (neutral)', 'Demonstratives, such <i>this, that</i>, precede the noun they modify in the unmarked case, as in English <i>this book</i>. That is, this order is possible when there is no special focus on any of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''Yes''. The order <i>this book</i> is neutral.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Demonstrative and Noun.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 88.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/88">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/88</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 17:16:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(21, 'Definite_Article Noun Adjective (neutral)  ', 'The word order Definite_Article Noun Adjective is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br>An example comes from Italian:\r\n<br><br><i>il libro rosso</i> \r\n<br>the book red\r\n<br>''the red book''\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''No''.  Although adjectives may follow nouns in some noun phrases, these must generally be phrasal:\r\n\r\n<br><br>The man proud of his son\r\n<br> * The man proud', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 16:07:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(22, 'Definite Marking (Article, Non-Demonstrative)', 'In some languages, the definite marker is a word distinct from members of the demonstrative category.  In Lakhota, not only is the definite article unique from demonstratives, but they can occur simultaneously: <i>wic''casa ki he</i> ''man the that'' for the English "that man."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Definite Articles.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 37.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/37">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/37</a href>.\r\n\r\n  ', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-27', '2008-07-27 18:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(23, 'Case Marking - Full NPs (Erg - Abs) ', '\r\n\r\nCase markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ''yes'' value indicates that the language has what is known as a Ergative-Absolutive system on <b>Full NPs</b> (not just pronouns), where the subject of intransitive clauses is formally the same as the object of transitive clauses, but the subject of transitive clauses is different. The unique case for the subject of transitive clauses is known as <b>Ergative</b> case, while the others are known as <b>Absolutive</b>. <br><br>For example, in Hunzib, according to Comrie (2008), the ergative case marker <i>-l</i> only appears on the subject of transitive clauses, as in <i>ozdi<b>-l</b> kid hehe-r</i> ''boy-ERG girl hit-PST''. In contrast to this, the subject of intransitive clauses is the same form as the object of transitives, as in <i>kid y-ut''-ur</i> ''girl CL2-sleep-PST''. Notice that in both example sentences, <i>kid</i> ''girl'' has the same form. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Note:</b> Languages have no overt case marking will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nComrie, Bernard. 2008. Alignment of Case Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapters 98-99. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/98â€>http://wals.info/feature/98</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 14:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(24, 'Adjective Definite_Article Noun (neutral)   ', 'The word order Adjective Definite_Article Noun is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(25, 'Distance Contrast in Demonstratives (exist)', 'A language has demonstratives, like English <i>this</i> and <i>that</i>, which indicate the referent noun''s proximity to the speaker or hearer.  This property does not concern a language''s full repertoire of demonstratives, which may describe a referent''s visibility, relative height, or directional movement.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDiessel, Holger. 2008. Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 41. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/41">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/41</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(26, 'Case Marking - Full NPs (Nom - Acc) ', 'Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ''yes'' value indicates that the language has what is known as a Nominative-Accusative system on <b>Full NPs</b> (not just pronouns), where the subject of transitive clauses is formally the same as the subject of intransitive clauses, but the object of transitive clauses is different. <br><br>For example, in Icelandic, the suffix -<i>ur</i> indicates nominative case on masculine nouns, while -zero marks the accusative case. In the sentence <i>Hund-ur kyssti hvolp-Ø</i> ''Dog-NOM kissed puppy-ACC'', the form of the subject of the transitive clause, <i>hund-ur</i>, is formally identical to the subject of the intransitive sentence <i>Hund-ur sat</i> ''Dog-NOM sat''. It is the object of transitive predicate <i>kyssti</i> ''kissed'', <i>hvolp-Ø</i> ''puppy-ACC'' which differentiated from the other two. See Comrie (2008) for more information. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Note:</b> Languages have no overt case marking will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nComrie, Bernard. 2008. Alignment of Case Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapters 98-99. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/98â€>http://wals.info/feature/98</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 14:14:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(27, 'Applicative (Transitive)', '\r\nThe language has a distinct applicative construction, which can be used on <b>transitive </b> base verbs. In an applicative construction, an affix is added to the verb, allowing the verb to take one additional argument. This property indicates that the language has an applicative construction which can apply to otherwise transitive verbs. <br><br> Polinsky (2008) provides an example from Tukang Besi. The (transitive) verb for ‘fetch’ normally takes one object, as in <i>no-ala te kau</i> ‘3.REALIS-fetch the wood’ for ‘she fetched the wood.’ Adding the applicative affix <i>-ako</i> allows the verb to take one additional argument, as in <i>no-ala<b>-ako</b> <u>te ina-su</u> te kau</i> ‘3.REALIS-fetch<b>-APPL</b> <u>the mother-my</u> the wood’ for ‘She fetched the wood (as a favor) for my mother’ (Polinsky 2008). <br><br><b>Note:</b> A construction is only considered applicative if it has both an affix and an additional arguments. Thus, English sentences like <i>I baked her a cake</i> do not qualify. <br><br><b>Glossing Convention:</b> The applicative morpheme will be glossed APPL. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Polinsky, Maria. 2008. Applicative Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 109. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/109">http://wals.info/feature/109</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-12', '2008-08-12 20:07:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(28, 'Definite_Article Noun (possible) ', 'The word order Definite_Article Noun is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:04:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(29, 'Adjective Noun Definite_Article (neutral)   ', 'The word order Adjective Noun Definite_Article is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(30, 'Distance Contrast in Demonstratives (Two-Way)', 'A language''s demonstratives place referents at one of two locations on the distance scale, proximal or distal.  In English, <i>this</i> denotes proximal referents, while <i>that</i> indicates referents that are farther away from the speaker.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDiessel, Holger. 2008. Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 41. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/41">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/41</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-31', '2008-07-31 16:29:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(31, 'Case Marking - Full NPs (No Marking)', ' \r\n\r\nCase markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ''yes'' value indicates that the language has no such case marking on full NPs (though it may on pronouns), that subjects and objects of transitive sentences and subjects of intransitive sentences are formally identical. Standard English is an example. In the sentences, <i><b>the car</b> fell, <b>the car</b> hit me, </i>and<i> I hit <b>the car</b></i>, the full NP <b><i>the car</b></i> has the same form. See Comrie (2008) for more information. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Note:</b> Languages which are marked ''yes'' for this property should be marked <b>N/A</b> for other Full NP case marking properties. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br><br>Comrie, Bernard. 2008. Alignment of Case Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapters 98-99. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/98â€>http://wals.info/feature/98</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 14:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(32, 'Definite_Article Noun Adjective (possible) ', 'The word order Definite_Article Noun Adjective  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:05:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(33, 'Distance Contrast in Demonstratives (Three-Way)', 'The demonstratives of a language allow a three-way distance contrast, which may be either distance- or person-oriented.  For example, the Hunzib demonstratives <i>bəd</i>, <i>bəl</i>, and <i>əg</i> indicate proximal, medial, and distal referents, respectively.  In Japanese,  the demonstratives <i>kono</i>, <i>sono</i>, and <i>ano</i> describe referents that are "near the speaker," "near the hearer," and "away from the speaker and hearer."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDiessel, Holger. 2008. Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 41. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/41">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/41</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-31', '2008-07-31 16:55:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(34, 'Case Marking - Pronouns (No Marking) ', '\r\nCase markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient (Comrie 2008). Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ''yes'' value indicates that the language has no such case marking on <b>Pronouns</b> (regardless of whether this holds for full NPs as well), that subjects and objects of transitive sentences and subjects of intransitive sentences are formally identical.<br><br>\r\n\r\nAn example comes from Jamaican Creole (Durrleman 2000), where there is only one form for each pronoun, regardless of its status in the clause, as exemplified by the sentences <i><b>Wi</b> nuh like <b>dem</b> an'' <b>dem</b> nuh like <b>wi</b></i> ''<b>1pl</b> NEG like <b>3pl</b> and <b>3pl</b> NEG like <b>1pl</b>'' for ''They don''t like us and we don''t like them.''<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Note:</b> Languages which are marked ''yes'' for this property should be marked <b>N/A</b> for other Pronoun case marking properties. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>Comrie, Bernard. 2008. Alignment of Case Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapters 98-99. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/98â€>http://wals.info/feature/98</a href>. <br>\r\nDurrleman, Stephanie. 2000. The architecture of the clause in Jamaican Creole.<i> Generative Grammar in Geneva </i> 1:189-240.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 14:34:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(35, 'Clitic Doubling', 'The language allows the simultaneous expression of a clitic and a phrase expressing the same argument within the matrix clause. The phrase may be a direct object, and indirect object, or any other grammatical relation.', 'txuss', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 11:54:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:54', '2009-01-19 15:14:54'),
(36, 'Determiners agree in number with nouns', 'Determiners, as in definite and indefinite articles, quantifiers, demonstratives agree in number with the nouns they modify. This property is only relevant to those languages that have definite articles. Other languages should be marked "N/A". ', 'txuss', '2008-06-04', '2008-06-04 17:44:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(37, 'Degree_Word Adjective (possible)', 'The word order Degree_Word Adjective  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:05:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(38, 'Distance Contrast in Demonstratives (Four-Way)', 'The demonstratives of a language allow a four-way distinction in distance, relative to the position of the speaker or hearer.  In Hausa, <i>nân</i> indicates a referent noun "near the speaker," <i>nan</i> is for those "near the hearer," <i>cân</i> describes those "away from the speaker and hearer," and <i>can</i> denotes those "far away from the speaker and hearer."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDiessel, Holger. 2008. Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 41. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/41">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/41</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-31', '2008-07-31 16:49:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(39, 'Clitic Doubling (Direct Object)', 'The language allows the simultaneous expression of a clitic and direct object expressing the same argument within the same clause.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 11:40:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(40, 'Demonstrative Adjective Noun (possible) ', 'The word order Demonstrative Adjective Noun  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:05:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(41, 'Clitic Doubling (Indirect Object)', 'The language allows the simultaneous expression of a clitic and an indirect object expressing the same argument within the same clause.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 11:44:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(42, 'Demonstrative Noun Adjective (possible) ', 'The word order Demonstrative Noun Adjective  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:06:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(43, 'Adverbial Complementizer at Beginning', 'An adverbial complementizer is a morpheme that introduces a subordinate, adverbial clause.  In languages like English, these words occur at the beginning of the subordinate clause, as in <i>The dog barked <b>when</b> it heard a burglar</i>. This property refers only to non-affixal complementizers. See Dryer (2008) for discussion.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 94.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/94">http://wals.info/feature/94</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-17', '2008-07-17 11:17:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(44, 'Adjectives without nouns (no marking)', 'Attributive adjectives can occur without the noun they modify with no special marking, as in Hebrew <i>Ani roce et <b>ha-adom</b></i> ''I want ACC the-red'' for ''I want the red one'' (Gil 2008).  \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nGil, David. 2008. Adjectives without Nouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 61. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/61">http://wals.info/feature/61</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 17:02:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(45, 'Adverbial Complementizer at End ', 'The adverbial complementizer occurs at the end of the clause, as in the following example from Kombai: <i>khe-khino rerakharu <b>rofode</b></i> ''his-legs swollen <b>because</b>,'' which means ''because his legs are swollen'' (Dryer 2008).  This property refers only to non-affixal complementizers.  \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 94.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/94">http://wals.info/feature/94</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-17', '2008-07-17 11:27:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(46, 'Adjectives without noun (marked affixally)', 'An attributive adjective may occur without the noun it modifies so long as the adjective is marked with an affix or clitic. An example is Kolyma Yukaghir, which uses the suffix <i>-ben</i> as in <i>pojnej-ben</i> ''white one'' (Gil 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nGil, David. 2008. Adjectives without Nouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 61. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/61">http://wals.info/feature/61</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 17:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(47, 'Adverbial Complementizer Clause Internal', 'An adverbial complementizer is a morpheme that introduces a subordinate, adverbial clause.  This property refers to both independent words and affixal complementizers.  In some languages, the adverbial complementizer occurs inside the subordinate clause, instead of initially or finally.  One example from Nkore-Kiga is <i>wa-kami obu y-aa-tuuriza enjojo</i> ''Mr.-rabbit when he-today.pst-challenge elephant,'' meaning "when Brer Rabbit challenged the elephant."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 94.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/94">http://wals.info/feature/94</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(48, 'Adverbial Complementizer as Verbal Suffix', 'Adverbial complementizers correspond to words like <i>because, if, when, </i>and <i> although</i> in English. A ‘yes’ value indicates that the adverbial complementizer appears as a suffix attached to the verb.  Dryer (2008:5) provides the following example from Kiowa.\r\n\r\n<br><br><pre>\r\nà-   dę̀•k’oÌ•-  <b>àl</b>        hoÌn  àn  à-  dę̀•hęÌ•m- ô\r\n1sg- lie-       although  NEG  HAB 1sg-sleep-     NEG\r\n''Although I lie down, I can''t fall asleep.''\r\n</pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 94.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/94">http://wals.info/feature/94</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-17', '2008-07-17 11:51:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(49, '3rd Person Pronouns Related to Demonstratives (Non-Remote)', 'The 3rd person pronouns of a language are either identical or derivationally related to its <i>non-remote</i> demonstratives.  For instance, Brahui has the demonstratives <i>dÄ</i> ''proximal,'' <i>o</i> ''medial,'' and <i>ē</i> ''distal,'' and only the medial <i>o</i> acts as a 3rd person pronoun as well.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBhat, D. N. S.. 2008. Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 43. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/43">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/43</a href>.\r\n   ', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(50, 'Clausal Negation (Affix)', 'Clausal negation refers to simple negation of a full clause. The language accomplishes this with an affix, as in Kolyma Yukaghir: <i>met numö-ge <b>el-</b>jaqa-te-je</i> ‘1sg house-LOC <b>Neg</b>-achieve-FUT-INTR.1sg’ for ‘I will not reach the house’ (Dryer 2008). The prefix <b><i>el-</i></b> negates the clause. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Negative Morphemes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 112. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/112â€> http://wals.info/feature/112</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-22', '2008-08-22 13:00:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(51, 'Clausal Negation (Particle)', '\r\nClausal negation refers to simple negation of a full clause. The language accomplishes this with a particle, as with English <b><i>not</i></b>. See Dryer (2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Negative Morphemes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 112. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/112â€> http://wals.info/feature/112</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-22', '2008-08-22 13:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(52, 'Classifiers (exist)', 'A classifier is a word or morpheme used to classify a noun according to its meaning, usually occuring in the context of numerals. Classifers abound in languages like Mandarin Chinese and Southeast Asian languages.', 'Arthur Wang', '2008-04-30', '2008-04-30 19:29:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(53, 'Clausal Negation (Negative Auxiliary Verb)', '\r\nClausal negation refers to simple negation of a full clause. The language accomplishes this with a special negative auxiliary verb, as in Finnish: <i><b>e-n</b> syö-nyt omena-a</i> ‘<b>Neg-1sg</b> eat-PTCP apple.PART’ for ‘I didn’t eat an apple’ (Dryer 2008). Notice that the negative auxiliary takes subject agreement, normally reserved for verbs, and the main verb is in the form of a participle. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Negative Morphemes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 112. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/112â€> http://wals.info/feature/112</a href>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-22', '2008-08-22 13:02:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(54, 'Associative Plural (Exist)', 'An associative plural, including a noun and its associative plural marker, denotes a central referent noun and a group of its associates.  The associates are typically human, close-knit, and heterogeneous (unlike similative or collective plurals, whose members are more uniform).  The associative plural marker often comprises an affix, article, or clitic.  Consider the Japanese example <i>Tanaka-tachi</i> ''Tanaka-PL'' meaning "Tanaka and his associates."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDaniel, Michael & Moravcsik, Edith. 2008. The Associative Plural.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 36. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/36">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/36</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-30', '2008-07-30 15:41:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(55, 'Comp Wh-Word (embedded)', 'In embedded wh-questions, does an overt complementizer immediately precede a wh-word that is in\r\nthe left periphery of the clause?\r\n[NEED EXAMPLE -- Spanish]', 'Chris Collins', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:10:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(56, 'Clausal Negation (Different Paradigmatic Distinctions)', 'Clausal negation refers to simple negation of a full clause. The language has a different paradigm for negation from that in affirmative clauses. For example, Burmese finite verbs have various affixes indicating voice, tense, and aspect, as in <i>θwâ-dé</i> ‘go-ACT’ for ‘she goes,’ <i>θwâ-bí</i> ‘go-PERF’ for ‘she has gone,’ and <i>θwâ-mé</i> ‘go-POT’ for ‘she will go.’ However, the negative circumfix <i>ma- … -bû</i> replaces all tense, voice, and aspect markers. Therefore the sentence <i>ma-θwâ-bû</i> ‘Neg1-go-Neg2’ is ambiguous, and can mean ‘she does/did/will not go’ or ‘she has not gone’ (Miestamo 2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br>Another example comes from a dialect of English spoken on Smith Island, Maryland. Whereas affirmative clauses with <i>be</i> have the standard distinctions for 1sg and 3sg in the past tense (<i>was</i>), all negative forms are <i>weren’t</i>, as in <i>I/you/he/she/it/we/they weren’t</i>. Thus, person distinctions are lost in the negative (past tense) paradigm (Nevins & Parrot 2007). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nMiestamo, Matti. 2008. Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 113. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/113â€> http://wals.info/feature/113</a href>. <br>\r\nNevins, Andrew and Jeffrey K. Parrott. 2007. Variable Rules Meet Impoverishment Theory. <i>Formal Approaches to Variation. </i>Available on LingBuzz <a href="http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/000522">http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/000522</a href>. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-22', '2008-08-22 13:44:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(57, 'Associative Plural (Doubles as Additive Plural)', 'The associative plural marker acts as the additive plural marker as well.  Additive plurals differ from associative groups in their homogeneity: every member of the additive plural is equivalent to the stem.  Take the following Zulu example: \r\n\r\n<br><br>Associative plural: <i><b>o</b>-faku</i> ''Faku and his company'' (from <i>au-faku</i> ''Faku'')\r\n<br><br>Additive plural: <i><b>o</b>-kova</i> ''bananas'' (from <i>u-kova</i> ''banana'')\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDaniel, Michael & Moravcsik, Edith. 2008. The Associative Plural.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 36. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/36">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/36</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-30', '2008-07-30 15:52:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(58, 'Clausal Negation (Same Construction as Aff)', '\r\nClausal negation refers to simple negation of a full clause. The language uses the same construction for negative clauses as for affirmative clauses, except that a negative morpheme is added. For example, in Icelandic, the affirmative <i>Ég kyssti hana</i> ‘I kissed her’ is the same as the negative <i>Ég kyssti hana ekki</i> ‘I kissed her not’ with the exception of the addition of the negative morpheme <i>ekki</i> ‘not’. See Miestamo (2008).\r\n		\r\n<br><br>English exemplifies this as well, such as in auxiliary constructions: <i>I will eat</i> is negated simply by adding <i>not</i>, as in <i>I will not eat</i>. \r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nMiestamo, Matti. 2008. Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 113. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/113â€> http://wals.info/feature/113</a href>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-22', '2008-08-22 13:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(59, 'Demonstrative Adjective Noun (neutral)   ', 'The word order Demonstrative Adjective Noun is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''Yes''. The order <i>this loud guitar</i> is neutral.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 16:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(60, 'Associative Plural (Unique Affix)', 'The associative plural marker is affixal and may not express any other variety of plural. Consider the Hungarian associative construction <i>Pál-<b>ék</b></i> ''Paul-<b>PL</b>'' for "Paul and company" in comparison to the additive construction <i>toll-<b>ak</b></i> ''pen-<b>PL</b>'' for "pens" (*<i>toll-<b>ék</b></i> ''pen-PL'' for "pens")\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDaniel, Michael & Moravcsik, Edith. 2008. The Associative Plural.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 36. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/36">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/36</a href>.\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n   ', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(61, 'Clausal Negation (Different Construction from Aff.)', '\r\nClausal negation refers to simple negation of a full clause. The language uses a different construction for negative clauses from that in affirmative clauses. That is, one does not simply “addâ€ a negative morpheme. Finnish is an example: <i><b>e-n</b> syö-nyt omena-a</i> ‘<b>Neg-1sg</b> eat-PTCP apple.PART’ for ‘I didn’t eat an apple’ (Dryer 2008). Notice that the negative auxiliary takes subject agreement, normally reserved for verbs, and the main verb is in the form of a participle. <br><br>\r\n\r\nEnglish is another example. To negate the affirmative clause <i>He eats apples</i>, it is not enough to simply add a negative morpheme. Rather, an auxiliary <i>do</i> takes subject-verb agreement, a negative morpheme is added, and the main verb is in the infinitive form, as in <i>He does not eat apples</i>. See Miestamo (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Negative Morphemes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 112. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/112â€> http://wals.info/feature/112</a href>. <br>\r\nMiestamo, Matti. 2008. Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 113. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/113â€> http://wals.info/feature/113</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-22', '2008-08-22 13:52:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(62, 'Adjective Definite_Article Noun (possible) ', 'The word order Adjective Definite_Article Noun is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 14:35:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(63, 'Associative Plural (Unique Non-Affixal)', 'The associative plural marker is non-affixal and may not express any other variety of plural.  Consider the Old Icelandic associative construction <i><b>þeir</b> Gizorr</i> ''<b>PL</b> Gizorr'' for "Gizorr and his associates" and the unacceptable additive construction *<i><b>þeir</b> griþingr</i> ''<b>PL</b> bulls'' for "bulls."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDaniel, Michael & Moravcsik, Edith. 2008. The Associative Plural.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 36. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/36">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/36</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-30', '2008-07-30 16:28:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(64, 'Adjective Degree_Word (possible)', 'The word order Adjective Degree_Word is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, the following Russian order is possible, but only with contrastive focus on <i>bal’shoy</i> ''big'' (Olga Istomina p.c.). \r\n\r\n<br><br><i>bal’shoy ochin’</i>\r\n<br>big too\r\n<br>''Too big''', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 14:42:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(65, 'Demonstrative Noun Adjective (neutral) ', 'The word order Demonstrative Noun Adjective is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from Italian:\r\n\r\n<br><br><i>questo libro rosso</i>\r\n<br>this book red\r\n<br>''this red book''\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''No''. The word order <i>*this book red</i> is generally not possible. ', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 19:11:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(66, 'Conditional Morpheme is an Affix', 'This property distinguishes languages like English, where there are modal auxiliaries that can be separated from the verb, from languages like French where the conditional morpheme is a suffix. <br>For example, <i>Je parler-ais</i> ''I would speak''. \r\n', '', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 11:59:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(67, 'Adjective Demonstrative Noun (possible)', 'The word order Adjective Demonstrative Noun is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 14:43:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(68, 'Adjective Demonstrative Noun (neutral)   ', 'The word order Adjective Demonstrative Noun is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(69, 'Adjective Noun Definite_Article  (possible)', 'The word order Adjective Noun Definite_Article  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:00:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(70, 'Adjective Noun Demonstrative  (possible) ', 'The word order Adjective Noun Demonstrative  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(71, 'Degree_Word Adjective (neutral)', 'The word order Degree_Word Adjective is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, degree words like <i>very</i> and <i>more</i> may precede the adjectives they modify in English <i>very tall</i>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''Yes''. The word order <i>very tall</i> is neutral. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Order of Degree Word and Adjective. In Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 91. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/91">http://wals.info/feature/91</a href>.', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 11:52:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(72, 'Adposition Noun_Phrase (possible)', 'The word order Adposition Noun_Phrase  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55');
INSERT INTO `unapproved_properties` (`id`, `property`, `description`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES
(73, 'Case Marking - Full NPs (Active - Inactive) ', '\r\nCase markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. However, as discussed in Comrie (2008), in some languages, case markers instead active arguments (i.e. agents) from non-active arguments (e.g. patients). These will be called Active-Inactive systems. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ''yes'' value for this property indicates that the language uses case markers to distinguish between inactive and active arguments on <b>Full NPs</b> (not just pronouns). For example, in Georgian, according to Comrie (2008) the non-active suffix <i>-i</i> attaches to all non-active arguments, even in a copular clause such as <i>vaxt''ang<b>-i</b> ekim<b>-i</b> iqo</i> ''Vakhtang-PAT doctor-PAT be.AOR.3sg''. The active marker <i>-m</i>, however, attaches to all active/agentive arguments, even in intransitive clauses such as <i>nino<b>-m</b> daamtknara</i> ''Nino-AGT yawn.AOR.3sg''.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Note:</b> Languages have no overt case marking will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. <br><br> \r\n\r\n<b>Glossing Convention:</b> The ''active'' case marker will be glossed agent <b>AGT</b>, and the inactive marker will be glossed patient <b>PAT</b>.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nComrie, Bernard. 2008. Alignment of Case Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapters 98-99. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/98â€>http://wals.info/feature/98</a href>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 14:10:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(74, 'Adjective Degree_Word (neutral)', 'The word order Adjective Degree_Word may occur in the unmarked case, i.e. within stylistically unmarked contexts with no focus on any constituent.  This property does not apply to degree affixes.  \r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from Kairiru (Dryer 2008):\r\n<br><br><i>nau pulau sek</i>\r\n<br>sea murky too\r\n<br>''The sea is too murky.'' \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Degree Word and Adjective. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 91. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/91">http://wals.info/feature/91</a href>. Accessed on 2008-07-14.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 19:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(75, 'Body Part Adpositions (exist)', 'Some languages, including many West African languages, use adpositions that were orginally body part nouns to express location. <br> e.g. Dagaare has the postposition poO ''inside'' from poO ''stomach''.', 'Bodomo', '2008-06-03', '2008-06-03 11:04:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(76, 'Adverb Object Verb (possible)', 'An <u>adverb</u> in this case refers to adverbs with sentential scope, as in English <i>probably</i>. The word order Adverb Object Verb  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, the following Russian sentence is possible, but only with focus on <i>chasto</i> ''often'' or <i>kofe</i> ''coffee'' (Olga Istomina p.c.). \r\n\r\n<br><br><i>Maria chasto kofe pjot’</i>\r\n<br>Mary often coffee drinks\r\n<br>''Mary often drinks coffee''', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:02:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(77, 'Adverb Verb Object (possible) ', 'An <u>adverb</u> in this case refers to adverbs with sentential scope, as in English <i>probably</i>. The word order Adverb Verb Object  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:03:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(78, 'Adposition Noun_Phrase (neutral)', 'This property is only defined for languages with adpositions (prepositions or postpositions). Languages without adpositions should be <b>NA</b>.<br><br> \r\n\r\nThis property has the value "yes" if there are some adpositions in the language that precede the noun phrase in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any constituent. In this case, they are called prepositions. See Dryer (2008) for discussion.\r\n\r\n<br><br>English <b><i>in</b> the room</i> is an example. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 85. Available online at <a href=\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/85>http://wals.info/feature/85\r\n</a href>. Accessed on 2008-06-03.\r\n', 'Chris Collins', '2008-06-03', '2008-06-03 16:38:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(79, 'Definite_Article Adjective Noun (possible) ', 'The word order Definite_Article Adjective Noun  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from Icelandic. The following example is possible, but is considered to be stylistically marked (restricted to formal contexts) (Sigurðsson 2006). \r\n\r\n<br><br>Hinn aldraði þingmaður<br>\r\nThe aged congressman<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nSigurðsson, Halldór Ãrmann. 2006. The Icelandic Noun Phrase: Central Traits. <i>Arkiv för nordisk filologi</i> 121:193-236.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:04:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(80, 'Comitatives/Instrumentals (Identity)', 'Comitatives and instrumentals are morphemes, typically case affixes or adpositions, that express the semantic relations between participants of an event.  Comitatives show accompaniment, while instrumentals mark an NP as the instrument used by an agent to complete an action.  \r\n\r\n<br><br>In languages like Inga, which demonstrate the trait of <i>identity</i>, the relator morphemes for comitatives and instrumentals are identical:\r\n\r\n<br><br>a) Accompaniment:\r\n<br><i>Alcalde-<b>huan</b>-ta-si pueblo-ma samuncuna</i> ''mayor-<b>WITH</b>-even-QUO town-ALL come.3PL'' for "They came to town together <b>with</b> the mayor."\r\n<br>b) Instrument:\r\n<br><i>Caspi-<b>hua</b>-si tanteancuna ñayapa junda</i> ''stick-<b>WITH</b>-QHO measure.3PL how full'' for "It was so full, they were measuring it <b>with</b> a tree-trunk."\r\n\r\n<br><br>Glossing convention: Comitatives and Instrumentals will be  glossed WITH.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nStolz, Thomas & Stroh, Cornelia & Urdze, Aina. 2008. Comitatives and Instrumentals.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 52.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/52">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/52</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-07', '2008-08-07 17:09:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(81, 'Definite Marking (Affixal)', 'Some languages use a nominal affix to indicate the specificity of a noun.  In Egyptian Arabic, <i><b>ʔiṭ</b>-ṭajjaar-a gaaja</i> ''<b>the</b>-plane-F.SG come'' means "the plane is coming."  This property does not include clitics, which are categorized as definite words, i.e. definite articles.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Definite Articles.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 37.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/37">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/37</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-27', '2008-07-27 16:29:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(82, 'Comitatives/Instrumentals (Differentiation)', 'Comitatives and instrumentals are morphemes, typically case affixes or adpositions, that express the semantic relations between participants of an event.  Comitatives show accompaniment, while instrumentals mark an NP as the instrument used by an agent to complete an action.  \r\n\r\n<br><br>In languages like Finnish, which demonstrate <i>differentiation</i>, there are at least 2 distinct relator morphemes for comitatives and instrumentals, and neither can replace the other:\r\n\r\n<br><br>a) Instrument: "Adessive <i>-llä</i>"\r\n<br><i>Hän kirjoittaa kynä-<b>llä</b>.</i> ''s/he write.3SG pen-<b>WITH</b>'' for "S/he is writing <b>with</b> a pen."\r\n<br>b)Accompaniment: "Comitative -<i>ine</i>"\r\n<br><i>Läsnä oli V. V. vaimo-<b>ine</b>-en.</i> ''near be.PST.3SG V.V. wife-<b>WITH</b>-POSS.3'' for "V.V. was present <b>with</b> his wife." \r\n\r\n<br><br>Glossing convention: Comitatives and Instrumentals will be  glossed WITH.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nStolz, Thomas & Stroh, Cornelia & Urdze, Aina. 2008. Comitatives and Instrumentals.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 52.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/52">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/52</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-07', '2008-08-07 17:33:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(83, 'Comitatives/Instrumentals (Mixed)', 'Comitatives and instrumentals are morphemes, typically case affixes or adpositions, that express the semantic relations between participants of an event.  Comitatives show accompaniment, whileinstrumentals mark an NP as the instrument used by an agent to complete an action.  \r\n\r\n<br><br>In languages like Hungarian, which has <i>mixed</i> relator morphemes, at least one of the relators is syncretistic and codes for both comitative and instrumental.  At least one other relator codes for comitative or instrumental relation alone:\r\n\r\n<br><br>a) Instrument: "Comitative-Instrumental" \r\n<br><i>Tol-<b>lal</b> ír-ok.</i> ''pen-<b>WITH</b> write-1SG'' for "I am writing <b>with</b> a pen."\r\n<br>b) Accompaniment: "Comitative-Instrumental" \r\n<br><i>Jan is megjelenik barát-já-<b>val</b>.</i> ''Jan also appear.3SG friend-POSS.3SG-<b>WITH</b>'' for "Jan too shows up <b>with</b> his friend."\r\n<br>c) Accompaniment: "Associative"\r\n<br><i>Csónak-ház-ak sport-és játszóter-ek vár-ják család-<b>ostul</b> gyerek-<b>estül</b> az ember-ek-et.</i> ''boat-house-PL sport-ADJ playground-PL wait-3PL family-<b>WITH</b> child-<b>WITH</b> DEF man-PL-ACC'' for "Boathouses and sports grounds are waiting for the people <b>with</b> family and children."    \r\n\r\n<br><br>Glossing convention: Comitatives and Instrumentals will be  glossed WITH.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nStolz, Thomas & Stroh, Cornelia & Urdze, Aina. 2008. Comitatives and Instrumentals.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 52.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/52">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/52</a href>.\r\n ', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(84, 'Antipassive (exist)', 'An affix exists which attaches to a transitive verb, making it intransitive. The direct object argument becomes an oblique argument. <br><br> For example, in Greenlandic (Marantz 1984:151), the transitive sentence <i>anut-ip miirqa-t paar-ai</i> ‘man-<b>ERG</b> child-<b>PL.ABS</b> take.care.of-IND.3sg.3pl’ for <i>the man takes care of the children</i> can be made antipassive by suffixing <i>-si</i> to the verb and putting the direct object into the oblique instrumental case, as in <i>anut miirqu-nik paar-si-vuq</i> ‘man.<b>ABS</b> children-<b>INST</b> take.care.of-<b>ANTIPASS</b>-IND.3sg. <br><br>Notice that the absolutive argument becomes instrumental, the ergative argument becomes absolutive, and the verb only agrees with the absolutive argument. <br> <br> A construction where an affix makes a transitive verb intransitive, with the subject remaining in ‘subject’ case, and the object becoming oblique is to be considered antipassive. <br><br><b>Glossing Convention: </b>Antipassive affixes will be glossed ANTIPASS.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nMarantz, Alec. 1984. <i>On the Nature of Grammatical Relations</i>. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-17', '2008-07-17 10:30:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(85, 'Distance Contrast in Demonstratives (Five-Way)', 'The demonstratives of a language allow a five-way (or more) distance distinction, relative to the position of the speaker or hearer.  [EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDiessel, Holger. 2008. Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 41. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/41">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/41</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(86, 'Definite Marking (Article, Demonstrative)', 'A language uses a demonstrative as its definite marker.  In the Eastern Ojibwa construction <i>“mii maanpii wii-bkeyaanhâ€ kido giiwenh <b>wa</b> mko</i> ''but here intend-turn.off.1SG say.3SG it.is.said <b>that</b> bear'' the demonstratives <i>wa</i> acts as a definite article.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Definite Articles.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 37.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/37">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/37</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(87, 'Cases on full NPs (2 or more)', '2 or more cases are non-syncretic (distinct) on full NPs. For example, in Icelandic, the nominative form for <i>dog</i> is <i>hundur</i> while the accusative form is <i>hund</i>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(88, 'Cases on full NPs (3 or more)', '3 or more cases are non-syncretic (distinct) on full NPs. For example, in Icelandic, the nominative form for <i>dog</i> is <i>hundur</i> , the accusative form is <i>hund</i>, and the dative is <i>hundi</i>. ', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(90, 'Deontic Modality (affix)', 'Deontic modality refers to possibility related ability or permission. van der Auwera and Ammann (2008) provide English examples such as <i>You <b>may</b> leave now</i> and <i>The children <b>can</b> swim across the lake</i>. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the language expresses this sort of modality with an affix. <br><br>For example, in Lavukaleve, the affix <b><i>-nen</i></b> marks possibility in sentences such as <i>Ngai a-vo-<b>nun</b></i> ‘I 1sg.SUBJ-come-<b>POS</B>’ to mean ‘Can I come?’ (van der Auwera and Ammann 2008). <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Glossing convention:</b> Such an affix will be glossed <b>POS</b>. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2008. Situational Possibility.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 74.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/74â€>http://wals.info/feature/74</a href>.	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-28', '2008-07-28 12:42:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(91, 'Cases on full NPs (4 or more) ', '4 or more cases are non-syncretic (distinct) on full NPs. For example, in Icelandic, the nominative form for <i>dog</i> is <i>hundur</i> , the accusative form is <i>hund</i>, the dative is <i>hundi</i> and the genitive is <i>hunds</i>.  \r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(92, '3rd Person Pronouns Related to Demonstratives (Gender Marker)', 'The 3rd person pronouns of a language share gender or noun class markers with its demonstratives.  Consider Apurinã, which has the 3rd person pronouns <i>u-wa</i> ''he'' and <i>o-wa</i> ''she'' and the gender distinct demonstratives <i>u-kira/o-kira</i> ''m/f distal'' and <i>i-ye/o-ye</i> ''m/f proximal.'' \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBhat, D. N. S.. 2008. Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 43. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/43">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/43</a href>.\r\n  ', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-04', '2008-08-04 18:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(93, 'Definite_Article Noun', 'The word order Definite_Article Noun is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.<br><br>\r\n\r\nAn example of a definite article is <i>the</i> in English <i>the car</i>. A definite article is opposed syntactically, morphologically and semantically to an indefinite article.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note:</b> This property is only relevant for those languages with definite articles. Other languages will be <b>N/A</b>.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(94, 'Deontic Modality (verb form)', 'Deontic modality refers to possibility related ability or permission. van der Auwera and Ammann (2008) provide English examples such as <i>You <b>may</b> leave now</i> and <i>The children <b>can</b> swim across the lake</i>. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the language expresses this sort of modality with a verb. English is an example of such a language, despite the fact that some (though not all) English modal verbs have particular properties such as lack of overt subject-verb agreement. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\n\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2008. Situational Possibility.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 74.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/74â€>http://wals.info/feature/74</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-28', '2008-07-28 12:52:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(95, 'Cases on pronouns (2 or more) ', '2 or more cases are non-syncretic (distinct) on pronouns. For example, in Icelandic, the nominative form for <i>she</i> is <i>hún</i> while the accusative form is <i>hana</i>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(97, 'Definite article agrees in gender with noun', 'This property is only relevant to those languages that have gender and definite articles. A language shows gender distinctions if nouns are classified into two or more groups depending on how they agree with other elements (verbs, adjectives, pronouns, et', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(98, 'Deontic Modality (Lexical Category)', '\r\n\r\nDeontic modality refers to possibility related ability or permission. van der Auwera and Ammann (2008) provide English examples such as <i>You <b>may</b> leave now</i> and <i>The children <b>can</b> swim across the lake</i>. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the language expresses this sort of modality primarily with word of a lexical category, such as an adjective, an adverb or a noun. <br><br>\r\n\r\nFor example, Slovene expresses deontic modality with an adverb <i>lahkó</i> ‘easily,’ Amele with an adjective <i>ihoc</i> ‘able,’ and Korean with a noun <i>swu-ka</i> ‘way-NMLZ’ (van der Auwera & Ammann 2008). <br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\n\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2008. Situational Possibility.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 74.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/74â€>http://wals.info/feature/74</a href>.	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-28', '2008-07-28 13:02:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(99, 'Cases on pronouns (3 or more) ', '3 or more cases are non-syncretic (distinct) on pronouns. For example, in Icelandic, the nominative form for <i>she</i> is <i>hún</i> , the accusative form is <i>hana</i>, and the dative is <i>henni</i>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(100, '3rd Person Pronouns Related to Demonstratives', 'The 3rd person pronouns and demonstratives of a language are either identical or are derivationally related. In Basque, the words <i>hau</i> ''proximal,'' <i>hori</i> ''medial,'' and <i>hura</i> function as both 3rd person pronouns and demonstratives.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBhat, D. N. S.. 2008. Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 43. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/43">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/43</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(101, 'Clausal Negation (Double)', '\r\nClausal negation refers to simple negation of a full clause. The language uses two seperable morphemes for clausal negation, as in French <i>ne … pas</i>. Typically, one morpheme will come before the verb, and the other will go after it. See Dryer (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Glossing Convention:</b> Neg morphemes will be glossed Neg1 and Neg2.\r\n\r\n <br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Negative Morphemes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 112. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/112â€> http://wals.info/feature/112</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(102, 'Deontic Modality (particle)', 'Deontic modality refers to possibility related ability or permission. van der Auwera and Ammann (2008) provide English examples such as <i>You <b>may</b> leave now</i> and <i>The children <b>can</b> swim across the lake</i>. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the language expresses this sort of modality primarily with a particle. <br><br>\r\n\r\nFor example, in Chuckchi, the particle <i>mecənkə</i> ‘enough’ marks deontic modality (van der Auwera & Ammann 2008). <br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\n\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2008. Situational Possibility.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 74.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/74â€>http://wals.info/feature/74</a href>.	\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-28', '2008-07-28 13:03:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(103, 'Cases on pronouns (4 or more) ', '4 or more cases are non-syncretic (distinct) on pronouns. For example, in Icelandic, the nominative form for <i>she</i> is <i>hún</i> , the accusative form is <i>hana</i>, the dative is <i>henni</i> and the genitive is <i>hennar</i>.   \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(104, '3rd Person Pronouns Related to Demonstratives (All)', 'The 3rd person pronouns of a language are either identical or derivationally related to <i>all</i> demonstratives.\r\nFor example, in Axininca Campa, the 3rd person pronouns <i><b>ir</b>irori</i> ''he'' and <i><b>ir</b>oori</i> ''she'' use the stem <i><b>ir</b>-</i>, which is also found in the demonstratives <i><b>ir</b>ika/<b>ir</b>oka</i> ''m/f proximal,'' <i><b>ir</b>inta/<b>ir</b>onta</i> ''m/f medial,'' and <i><b>ir</b>intó/<b>ir</b>ontó</i> ''m/f distal.''\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBhat, D. N. S.. 2008. Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 43.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/43">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/43</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-04', '2008-08-04 17:49:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(105, '3rd Person Pronouns Related to Demonstratives (Remote)', 'The 3rd person pronouns of a language are either identical or derivationally related to its <i>remote</i> demonstratives.  Consider Eastern Armenian, in which the 3rd person pronoun <i>na</i> is the same as the distal demonstrative <i>na</i>, but unique from the proximal <i>sa</i> and medial <i>da</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBhat, D. N. S.. 2008. Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 43. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/43">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/43</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-04', '2008-08-04 17:56:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(106, 'Adverb Object Verb (neutral)   ', 'An <u>adverb</u> in this case refers to adverbs with sentential scope, as in English <i>often</i>. The word order Adverb Object Verb is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 12:40:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(107, 'Adjectives without nouns (marked with word)', 'An attributive adjective may occur without the noun it modifies so long as a dummy word is used instead. ''One'' in English ''the big one'' is an example (Gil 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nGil, David. 2008. Adjectives without Nouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 61. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/61">http://wals.info/feature/61</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 17:02:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(108, 'Declarative Complementizer (exist)', 'A complementizer is a morpheme that introduces a clause. In some languages, a declarative embedded clause is introduced by an (overt) complementizer. This morpheme may or may not be identical to the interrogative complementizer.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Glossing Convention:</b> A declarative complementizer will be glossed <b>COMP</b>.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(109, 'Adverb Verb Object (neutral)   ', 'An <u>adverb</u> in this case refers to adverbs with sentential scope, as in English <i>probably</i>. The word order Adverb Verb Object is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. <br><br>An example is English <i>Often John will kick the ball</i>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:53:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(111, 'Case Symmetry on NPs', 'Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause.  \r\n\r\n<br><br>In <b>case-symmetric</b> languages like Turkish, all full NPs inflect the same case categories, regardless of type:\r\n\r\n<br><br>a) <i>kitap</i> ''book.NOM,'' <i>kitap-i</i> ''book.ACC,'' <i>kitab-in</i> ''book.GEN,'' <i>kitab-a</i> ''book.DAT,'' etc.\r\n<br>b) <i>ben</i> ''1SG.NOM,'' <i>ben-i</i> ''1SG.ACC,'' <i>ben-im</i> ''1SG.GEN,'' <i> ban-a</i> ''1SG.DAT,'' etc.              \r\n\r\n<br><br>A language marked ''no'' may demonstrate several varieties of case-asymmetry.  This occurs when at least one NP-type inflects for more or fewer cases than those used in the language''s standard inventory (quantitative asymmetry).  A language is also considered case-asymmetrical when the domains of its cases are markedly different across NP-types (qualitative asymmetry).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nIggesen, Oliver A.. 2008. Asymmetrical Case-Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 50. Available online at <a jref="http://wals.info/feature/50">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/50</a href>.\r\n ', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-06', '2008-08-06 18:56:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(112, 'Conditional morpheme precedes verb', 'This property is only defined for languages with a conditional morpheme. It distinguishes languages for which the conditional morpheme(bound or free) precedes the verb stem from languages for which the conditional morpheme (bound or free) follows the verb.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-06-03', '2008-06-03 11:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(113, 'Case Marking--Full NPs (Suffix)', 'Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause.\r\n\r\n<br><br>Many languages use suffixes to express these case markings.  Consider the following example from Tsova-Tush:\r\n\r\n<br><br><i>Lek’-i-<b>v</b> že Dik’-e-r</i> ''Lek-PL-<b>ERG</b> sheep take.away-AOR-PST'' for "The Leki would take away sheep." \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Position of Case Affixes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 51. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/51">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/51</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-06', '2008-08-06 20:02:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(114, 'Case Marking--Full NPs (Prefix)', 'Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause.\r\n\r\n<br><br>Some languages use prefixes to express these case markings.  Consider the Krongo construction <i>àpá-ŋ ìʔìŋ <b>á</b>-kùufì</i> ''m.PERF.hit-TR 3SG.m <b>INSTR</b>-baton'' for "He hit him with the baton."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Position of Case Affixes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 51. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/51">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/51</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(115, 'Case Marking--Full NPs (Tone)', 'Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. \r\n\r\n<br><br>A few languages use tone to distinguish these case markings.  In the following Nandi examples, only tone indicates which NPs are the subject and object.\r\n\r\n<br><br>a) <i>kè:r-éy kípe:t la:kwé:t</i> ''look.at-IMP Kipet-SUBJ  child-NONSUBJ'' for "Kibet is looking at the child."\r\n<br>b) <i>kè:r-éy kipe:t kípro:no</i> ''look.at-IMP Kibet.NONSUBJ Kiprono.SUBJ'' for "Kiprono is looking at Kibet."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Position of Case Affixes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 51. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/51">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/51</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(116, 'Case Marking--Full NPs (Stem Change)', 'Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. \r\n\r\n<br><br>A few languages, like the Sudanese Dinka and Nuer, distinguish these cases with noun stem changes. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Position of Case Affixes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 51. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/51">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/51</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(117, 'Case Marking--Full NPs (Adpositional Clitic)', 'Case markers often distinguish between the various arguments of a predicate, such as the Agent and Patient. Three basic types of arguments are generally distinguished: the subject of a transitive clause, the object of a transitive clause, and the subject of an intransitive clause. \r\n\r\n<br><br>Many languages show case markings on full NPs not with affixes, but with adpositional clitics.  Postpositional clitics, which attach to the last word of the NP in question, are the most common form and can be seen in this example from Ungarinjin:\r\n\r\n<br><br><i>[dambun budaga]=ṛa</i> ''[camp their]=LOC'' for "at their camp"\r\n\r\n<br><br>Case markings may also take the form of prepositional clitics, which attach to the first word of the NP, or inpositional clitics, which appear  inside the NP.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Position of Case Affixes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 51. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/51">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/51</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-06', '2008-08-06 20:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:14:55', '2009-01-19 15:14:55'),
(118, 'Inclusive/Exclusive Pronoun Distinction (Exist)', 'Although English and all other European languages have only the 1st person plural pronoun "we," many others distinguish between the inclusive person, which encompasses the addressee, and the exclusive person, which precludes the addressee.  For example, the Mandarin pronoun <i>zámen</i> ''we'' refers to the English "I and you," while the pronoun <i>wÅmen</i> ''we'' constitutes the English "I and others, not you."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCysouw, Michael. 2008. Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 39. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/39">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/39</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-30', '2008-07-30 19:38:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(119, 'Inclusive/Exclusive Verb Inflection (Exist)', 'The language uses verbal inflection to distinguish between inclusive ("I and you") and exclusive ("I and others, not you").  An example is Passamaquoddy (Cysouw 2008):\r\n\r\n<br><br>a. <i>n-tihin</i> ''1-have'' for "I have it." \r\n<br>b. <i>n-tíhin-èn</i> ''EXCL-have-1PL'' for "We (exclusive) have it."\r\n<br>c. <i>k-tíhin-èn</i> ''INCL-have-1PL'' for "We (inclusive) have it." \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCysouw, Michael. 2008. Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 40. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/40">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/40</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-30', '2008-07-30 19:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(120, 'Evidentials (Modal Verb)', 'An evidential is a grammaticalized way of encoding whether or not the speaker saw, heard, or experienced the event himself. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value indicates that the language has a grammaticalized evidential in the form of a modal verb. <br><br>\r\n\r\nFor example, Dutch <i>moet</i> ‘must’ encodes indirect evidentiality. The sentence <i>Het moet een goede film zijn</i> ‘it must a good film be’ can mean ‘It is said to be a good film.’ That is the speaker indicates that his evidence for the film being good is indirect (de Haan 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Languages which do not have a grammaticalized way of encoding evidentiality will be marked <b>N/A</b>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nde Haan, Ferdinand. 2008. Coding of Evidentiality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 78.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/78â€> http://wals.info/feature/78</a href>.	\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-31', '2008-07-31 13:39:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(121, 'Evidentials (Particle)', 'An evidential is a grammaticalized way of encoding whether or not the speaker saw, heard, or experienced the event himself. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value indicates that the language has a grammaticalized evidential in the form of a particle. <br><br>\r\n\r\nFor example, the Dumi particle <i>?e</i> encodes indirect evidentiality. The sentence <i>im-a mwo: dzi-t-I <b>?e</b></i> ‘he-ERG what eat-NON.PRET-s23 <b>INDIR.EVD</b>‘ means ‘What did he/they/you say he was eating?’ That is, this is something like ‘according to the indirect evidence, what am I to understand he is eating?’(de Haan 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Languages which do not have a grammaticalized way of encoding evidentiality will be marked <b>N/A</b>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Glossing Convention</b>: Indirect evidentials will be glossed INDIR.EVD. Direct evidentials will be glossed DIR.EVD. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nde Haan, Ferdinand. 2008. Coding of Evidentiality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 78.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/78â€> http://wals.info/feature/78</a href>.	\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-31', '2008-07-31 13:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(122, 'Inflected Infinitives (exist)', 'Some infinitival verbs can agree in person and number features with the subject.', 'Michael Taylor', '2008-07-20', '2008-07-20 17:50:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(123, 'Evidentials (Verbal Affix)', 'An evidential is a grammaticalized way of encoding whether or not the speaker saw, heard, or experienced the event himself. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value indicates that the language has a grammaticalized evidential in the form of a verbal affix. <br><br>\r\n\r\nFor example, in Lezgian, the suffix <i>-lda</i> encodes indirect evidentiality. Thus, the sentence <i>Qe sobranie že-da<b>-lda</b></i> ‘today meeting be-FUT-<b>INDIR.EVD</b>’ means ‘They say there will be a meeting today’ (de Haan 2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Languages which do not have a grammaticalized way of encoding evidentiality will be marked <b>N/A</b>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Glossing Convention</b>: Indirect evidentials will be glossed INDIR.EVD. Direct evidentials will be glossed DIR.EVD. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nde Haan, Ferdinand. 2008. Coding of Evidentiality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 78.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/78â€> http://wals.info/feature/78</a href>.	\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-31', '2008-07-31 13:49:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(124, 'Evidentials (Tense Affix)', 'An evidential is a grammaticalized way of encoding whether or not the speaker saw, heard, or experienced the event himself. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value indicates that the language has a grammaticalized evidential in the form of a tense suffix. This is distinguished from just a separate evidential affix in that the tense suffixes automatically distinguish between direct and indirect evidentiality. <br><br>\r\n\r\nFor example, in Turkish, there are two past tense suffixes, depending on whether evidentiality is direct or indirect. The sentence <i>Ahmet gel-<b>miş</b></i> ‘Ahmet come-<b>PST.INDIR.EVD</b>’ indicates that the speaker’s evidence for Ahmet coming is indirect. In contrast, the sentence <i>Ahmet gel-<b>di</b></i> ‘Ahmet come-<b>PST.DIR.EVD</b>’ indicates that the speaker’s evidence for Ahmet coming is direct (he saw or heard it).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Languages which do not have a grammaticalized way of encoding evidentiality will be marked <b>N/A</b>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Glossing Convention</b>: Indirect evidentials will be glossed INDIR.EVD. Direct evidentials will be glossed DIR.EVD. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nde Haan, Ferdinand. 2008. Coding of Evidentiality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 78.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/78â€> http://wals.info/feature/78</a href>.	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-31', '2008-07-31 13:59:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(125, 'Locative clitic', 'The language has a locative clitic', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(126, 'Inalienable Possession (exist)', 'Some nouns always require a possessor. This is sometimes called ''inalienable'' possession. For example, in some languages, body parts such as <i>hand</i> cannot exist as <i>the hand</i>, like English, but must be <i>(someone)''s hand.</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Bickel, Balthasar & Nichols, Johanna. 2008. Obligatory Possessive Inflection.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 58.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/58">http://wals.info/feature/58</a href>. \r\nAccessed on 2008-7-11.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-11', '2008-07-11 14:28:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(127, 'Genitive_Noun Noun (possible) ', 'The word order Genitive_Noun Noun  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, according to Thráinsson (2007), the following Icelandic example is possible, but only with contrastive focus on <i>Jóns</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br>Jóns bók</i>\r\n<br>John''s book\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nThráinsson, Höskuldur. 2007. <i>The Syntax of Icelandic.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:06:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(128, 'Indefinite Pronouns (Interrogative-Based)', 'The indefinite pronouns of a language, like the English terms "somebody" and "something," are derived from its interrogative pronouns, as in the English "who" and "what."  Consider Russian, where the indefinite suffix <i>-to</i> is used to derive the indefinite pronouns <i>kto-to</i> ''somebody'' and <i>Äto-to</i> ''something'' from the interrogatives <i>kto</i> ''who'' and <i>Äto</i> ''what.''\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Indefinite Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 46. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/46">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/46</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 19:05:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(129, 'Indefinite_Article Noun (possible) ', 'The word order Indefinite_Article Noun  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:09:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(130, 'Genitive, Relative, and Adjectival Construction', 'Genitive, relative, and adjectival modification is formally the same. For example, in Cantonese, one associative marker precedes the modified noun in all cases of genitive, relative, and adjectival modification. See Gil (2008). [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nGil, David. 2008. Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 60.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/60">http://wals.info/feature/60</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-11', '2008-07-11 14:23:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(131, 'Genitive, Relative, OR Adjectival Construction', 'Two of genitive, relative, or adjectival modification are formally the same. A ''yes'' value indicates that the construction for any two of these three types of modification is the same. [NEED EXAMPLE] See Gil (2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nGil, David. 2008. Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 60.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/60">http://wals.info/feature/60</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-11', '2008-07-11 14:25:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(132, 'Future Tense Morpheme is an Affix', 'Future tense is marked morphologically on the finite verb, as in, for example, Italian <i>parler-ò</i> ''speak-1sg.FUT'' for ''I will speak''. \r\n<br><br>\r\nNote that a ‘yes’ value does not include periphrastic tense marking, as in English ‘will.’', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-20', '2008-07-20 11:44:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(133, 'Epistemic Modality (affix)', 'Epistemic modality refers to possibility related to available evidence. van der Auwera and Ammann (2008) provide English examples such as <i>John <b>may</b> have arrived</i> and <i>John <b>must</b> have arrived</i>. <br><br> In these sentences, whether or not John has arrived is established based on available evidence.\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the language expresses this sort of modality with an affix. <br><br>For example, in Koasati, the affix <b><i>-sahá:w</i></b> marks epistemic possibility in words like <i>hó:pa:<b>-sahá:w</b>-ok</i> ‘be.sick<b>-POS</b>—SS.FOC’ for ‘might be sick’ (van der Auwera & Amman 2008). <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Glossing convention:</b> Such an affix will be glossed <b>POS</b>. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2008. Epistemic Possibility.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 75.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/75â€>http://wals.info/feature/75</a href>.	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-29', '2008-07-29 13:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(134, 'Epistemic Modality (Verb Form)', 'Epistemic modality refers to possibility related to available evidence. van der Auwera and Ammann (2008) provide English examples such as <i>John <b>may</b> have arrived</i> and <i>John <b>must</b> have arrived</i>. <br><br> In these sentences, whether or not John has arrived is established based on available evidence.\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the language expresses this sort of modality with a verb. <br><br> English is an example of such a language despite the fact that some (though not all) English modal verbs have particular properties such as lack of overt subject-verb agreement.\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2008. Epistemic Possibility.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 75.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/75â€>http://wals.info/feature/75</a href>.	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-29', '2008-07-29 13:05:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(135, 'Fusional Morpheme for Case and Number (exist)', 'A single morpheme exists which expresses both case and number on non-pronominal full NPs. For example, in Russian, a morpheme <i>–i</i> or <i>-a</i> simultaneously expresses genitive and singular, according to Bickel & Nichols (2008). <br><br>\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBickel, Balthasar & Nichols, Johanna. 2008. Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 21.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/21">http://wals.info/feature/21</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-17', '2008-07-17 21:44:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(136, 'Epistemic Modality (Lexical Category)', 'Epistemic modality refers to possibility related to available evidence. van der Auwera and Ammann (2008) provide English examples such as <i>John <b>may</b> have arrived</i> and <i>John <b>must</b> have arrived</i>. <br><br> In these sentences, whether or not John has arrived is established based on available evidence.\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the language expresses this sort of modality with a non-verbal lexical category, such as an adverb. <br><br> For example, Wardaman has no verbal or affixal epistemic modals, but uses the adverb <i>maybe</i> to express this, as shown below (from van der Auwera & Ammann 2008).\r\n<br>\r\n<br><i><b>Yilama</b> ya-yinyja ma-yinyja wurrugu ngarlg-ba</i>\r\n<br><b>Maybe</b> IRR.3sg-go HAB.3sg-go 3n.sg.DAT call-PCL\r\n<br>’Maybe he’ll go, he always goes to call them.’ <br><br>\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2008. Epistemic Possibility.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 75.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/75â€>http://wals.info/feature/75</a href>.	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-29', '2008-07-29 13:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(137, 'Fusional Morpheme for Tense, Mood, and Agreement (exist)', 'A single morpheme exists which expresses all of Tense, Mood, and Agreement. For example, in Wari (Bickel & Nichols 2008), a morpheme <i>na</i> expresses realis mood, non-future tense, and 3-singular agreement. \r\n<br><br>\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBickel, Balthasar & Nichols, Johanna. 2008. Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al, chapter 21.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/21">http://wals.info/feature/21</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-17', '2008-07-17 21:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(138, 'Evidentials – Indirect (exist)', 'The language has a grammaticalized way of encoded the fact that the speaker did not see, hear, or experience the event himself, but rather found out about the event from another source, such using inference about or being told of the event. This does not include languages which have other ways of encoding this information, such as English <i>They say there will be a meeting today</i> (example from de Haan 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, Lezgian uses the suffix <b><i>-lda </i></b> to encode indirect (quotative) evidentiality, as in <i>Qe sobranie že-da<b>-lda</b></i> ‘today meeting be-FUT-<b>INDIR.EVD</b>’ for ‘They say there will be a meeting today’ (de Haan 2008). <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Glossing Convention: </b>Indirect Evidentials will be glossed INDIR.EVD.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nde Haan, Ferdinand. 2008. Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 77.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/77â€> http://wals.info/feature/77</a href>.	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-29', '2008-07-29 14:10:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33');
INSERT INTO `unapproved_properties` (`id`, `property`, `description`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES
(139, 'Evidentials – Direct (exist)', '\r\nThe language has a grammaticalized way of encoded the fact that the speaker saw, heard, or experienced the event himself. This does not include languages which have other ways of encoding this information, such as English <i>I see it coming</i>. \r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, Fasu uses the circumfix <b><i>a-…-re</i></b> to encode visual evidentiality, as in <i><b>a-</b>pe<b>-re</b></i> ‘<b>DIR.EVD</b>-see-<b>DIR.EVD</b>’ for ‘I see it coming’ (de Haan 2008). <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Glossing Convention: </b>Direct Evidentials will be glossed DIR.EVD.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nde Haan, Ferdinand. 2008. Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 77.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/77â€> http://wals.info/feature/77</a href>.	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-29', '2008-07-29 14:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(140, 'Double Object Contr. – Give (2 Direct Objects)', '\r\nDitransitive verbs, represented by <i>give</i>, have two arguments in addition to the subject. A ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the language treats both arguments as direct objects. That is, both the theme and the goal argument are treated the way direct objects of monotransitive verbs are treated. <br><br>English is an example, since the two objects of <i>give</i> can both follow the object with no special case marking or preposition, as in <i>I gave him those dogs</i>. See Haspelmath (2008) for discussion. <br><br><b>Note</b>: Languages like English have two options for double object constructions with <i>give</i>. In such cases, each relevant property will be valued ‘yes’. \r\n	\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Haspelmath, Martin. 2008. Ditransitive Construction: The Verb ‘Give’. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 105. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/105">http://wals.info/feature/105</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-10', '2008-08-10 09:32:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(141, 'Double Object Contr. – Give (Goal Direct Object)', 'Ditransitive verbs, represented by <i>give</i>, have two arguments in addition to the subject. A ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the Goal argument in such a construction is treated like a direct object, whereas the Theme argument is treated like an oblique object. That is, while the Theme argument (the thing given) is treated like an oblique argument, the Goal argument (the entity something is given to) is treated like direct objects in monotransitive verbs. <br><br> For example, in Chamorro, the sentence ‘He gave the milk to the child’ involves an oblique case marker <i>ni</i> on <i>milk</i>, not <i>the child</i>: <i>Ha na’i i patgon <b>ni</b> leche</i> ‘he.ERG give ABS child <b>OBL</b> milk’ (Haspelmath 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Languages like English have two options for double object constructions with <i>give</i>. In such cases, each relevant property will be valued ‘yes’. \r\n	\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Haspelmath, Martin. 2008. Ditransitive Construction: The Verb ‘Give’. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 105. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/105">http://wals.info/feature/105</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-10', '2008-08-10 09:33:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(142, 'Double Object Contr. – Give (Theme Direct Object)', 'Ditransitive verbs, represented by <i>give</i>, have two arguments in addition to the subject. A ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the Theme argument in such a construction is treated like a direct object, whereas the Goal argument is treated like an indirect object (with respect to case marking, oblique preposition, etc.). That is, while the Goal argument (the entity something is given to) is treated like an oblique argument, the Theme argument (the thing given) is treated like direct objects in monotransitive verbs. <br><br> English is an example of this kind of language, since the verb <i>give</i> can put the Goal into the object position of a preposition, as in <i>I gave this <b>to</b> him</i>, while the direct object is still like direct object in monotransitive verbs (Haspelmath 2008). Icelandic is another example, as it marks goal arguments with Oblique (Dative) case, as in <i>Ég gaf <b>honum</b> þetta</i> ‘I.NOM gave <b>him.DAT</b> this.ACC for ‘I gave this to him.’\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Languages like English have two options for double object constructions with <i>give</i>. In such cases, each relevant property will be valued ‘yes’. \r\n	\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Haspelmath, Martin. 2008. Ditransitive Construction: The Verb ‘Give’. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 105. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/105">http://wals.info/feature/105</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-10', '2008-08-10 09:33:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(143, 'Habitual Morpheme (exist)', 'A morpheme exists which expresses habitual action. For example, in Ewe, a distinct morpheme <i>na</i> is used to express habitual action. \r\n', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 11:44:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(144, 'Modality – Deontic and Epistemic Overlap (Complete)', 'Deontic modality refers to possibility related to ability or permission. For example, the sentence <i>You may go home now</i> means that going home is related to permission on the part of the speaker. Epistemic modality, on the other hand, refers to possibility related to available evidence. In the sentence, <i>John must be gone by now</i>, the truth of John’s being gone is evaluated based on available evidence. <br><br>\r\n\r\nBoth types of modality can be sub-divided into <b>possibility</b> and <b>necessity</b>. An example of <b>Deontic Possibility</b> is the sentence <i>You can go</i>. An example of <b>Deontic Necessity</b> is the sentence <i>You must go</i>. An example of <b>Epistemic Possibility</b> is the sentence <i>He may have left</i>. Finally, an example of <b>Epistemic Necessity</b> is the sentence <i>John must be gone by now</i>. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the same marker is used to indicate both Epistemic and Deontic modality, both for Possibility and Necessity. The marker need not have identical syntactic behavior. English is an example, as the Possibility modal <i>may</i> can be Deontic (as in <i>You may leave</i>) or Epistemic (as in <i>He may have left</i>). Further, the Necessity modal <i>must</i> can be Deontic (as in <i>You must leave my house now</i>) or Epistemic (as in <i>He must have left my house by now</i>). \r\n	\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2008. Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 76.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/76â€>http://wals.info/feature/76</a href>.	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 13:17:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(145, 'Modality – Deontic and Epistemic Overlap (Possibility Only)', 'Deontic modality refers to possibility related to ability or permission. For example, the sentence <i>You may go home now</i> means that going home is related to permission on the part of the speaker. Epistemic modality, on the other hand, refers to possibility related to available evidence. In the sentence, <i>John must be gone by now</i>, the truth of John’s being gone is evaluated based on available evidence. <br><br>\r\n\r\nBoth types of modality can be sub-divided into <b>possibility</b> and <b>necessity</b>. An example of <b>Deontic Possibility</b> is the sentence <i>You can go</i>. An example of <b>Deontic Necessity</b> is the sentence <i>You must go</i>. An example of <b>Epistemic Possibility</b> is the sentence <i>He may have left</i>. Finally, an example of <b>Epistemic Necessity</b> is the sentence <i>John must be gone by now</i>. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the same marker is used to indicate both Epistemic and Deontic modality, but only for Possibility Modals. The marker need not have identical syntactic behavior. For example, in Hungarian, the marker <i>lehet</i> indicates either Deontic or Epistemic Modality, but only for Possibility. There is no overlap for Necessity (van der Auwera & Ammann 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2008. Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 76.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/76â€>http://wals.info/feature/76</a href>.	\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 13:18:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(146, 'Genitive_Noun Noun (neutral)', 'The word order Genitive_Noun Noun is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. See Dryer (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''Yes''. The order <i>Margaret''s bicycle</i> is neutral. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Genitive and Noun.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 86. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/86">http://wals.info/feature/86</a href>. Accessed on 2008-07-14.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 19:08:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(147, 'Modality – Deontic and Epistemic Overlap (Necessity Only)', 'Deontic modality refers to possibility related to ability or permission. For example, the sentence <i>You may go home now</i> means that going home is related to permission on the part of the speaker. Epistemic modality, on the other hand, refers to possibility related to available evidence. In the sentence, <i>John must be gone by now</i>, the truth of John’s being gone is evaluated based on available evidence. <br><br>\r\n\r\nBoth types of modality can be sub-divided into <b>possibility</b> and <b>necessity</b>. An example of <b>Deontic Possibility</b> is the sentence <i>You can go</i>. An example of <b>Deontic Necessity</b> is the sentence <i>You must go</i>. An example of <b>Epistemic Possibility</b> is the sentence <i>He may have left</i>. Finally, an example of <b>Epistemic Necessity</b> is the sentence <i>John must be gone by now</i>. <br><br>\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that the same marker is used to indicate both Epistemic and Deontic modality, but only for Necessity modals. The marker need not have identical syntactic behavior. For example, in Ainu, the necessity marker <i>kuni</i> can indicate Epistemic or Deontic modality, but only in the necessity reading (van der Auwera & Ammann 2008). <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2008. Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 76.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/76â€>http://wals.info/feature/76</a href>.	\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 13:19:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(148, 'Inflectional Suffixes (exist)', 'There exist inflectional suffixes. For example, in English, the agreement morpheme <i>–s</i>, is a suffix, as in <i>John like-s Mary</i>. See Dryer (2008).\r\n<br><br><b>Note:</b> Some languages have both inflectional prefixes and inflectional suffixes. These languages should be valued ''yes'' for both properties. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 26.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/26">http://wals.info/feature/26</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-31', '2008-10-31 19:26:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(149, 'Inflectional Prefixes (exist)', 'There exist inflectional prefixes. For example, in Hunde (Dryer 2008), most inflectional affixes are prefixes. <br><br>[Need Example]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note:</b> Some languages have both inflectional prefixes and inflectional suffixes. These languages should be valued ''yes'' for both properties. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 26.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/26">http://wals.info/feature/26</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-31', '2008-10-31 19:16:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(150, 'Imperative – 3pl (exist)', 'A special imperative form for the 3pl exists which is not homophonous with any other non-imperative form. This is sometimes called the <b>hortative</b> (van der Auwera et al. 2008). <br> For example, according to van der Auwera et al. (2008), Soninke has a special 3pl imperative form which is similar to 3sg and 1pl imperative forms, but not any other form. A normal pronoun is attached to the imperative/hortative morpheme <i>-n</i>, which is attached to the stem of the verb. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan, Nina Dobrushina, and Valentin Goussev. 2008. Imperative-Hortative Systems. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 72. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/39â€> http://wals.info/feature/39 </a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 10:54:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(151, 'Imperative – 1pl (exist)', 'A special imperative form for the 1pl exists which is not homophonous with any other non-imperative form. This is sometimes called the <b>hortative</b> (van der Auwera et al. 2008). <br>For example, in Icelandic, the 1pl imperative form is the finite, present indicative, but with no overt subject, as in <i>förum</i> ‘go.1pl’. Since Icelandic is not a <i>pro-</i>drop language, this construction only exists in the 1pl imperative. <br> Similarly, in English, the form <i>Let’s go</i> with the cliticized <i>-’s</i>, cannot be used as a 2 person imperative in the same way <i>Let us out of jail!</i> can, so English can be said to have a special form for the 1pl imperative. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan, Nina Dobrushina, and Valentin Goussev. 2008. Imperative-Hortative Systems. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 72. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/39â€> http://wals.info/feature/39 </a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-17', '2008-07-17 21:46:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(152, 'Indefinite Marking (exist)', 'Many languages use an indefinite marker, either an stand-alone article or a nominal affix, to indicate the non-specific nature of a noun.  In Kobon, the phrase <i>nibi ap</i> ''woman INDEF'' conveys the English equivalent "a woman."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Indefinite Articles.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 38.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/38">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/38</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-27', '2008-07-27 17:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(153, 'Imperative – 3sg (exist)', 'A special imperative form for the 3sg exists which is not homophonous with any other non-imperative form. This is sometimes called the <b>hortative</b> (van der Auwera et al. 2008). <br> For example, according to van der Auwera et al. (2008), Soninke has a special 3sg imperative from which is similar to 3pl and 1pl imperative forms, but not any other form. A normal pronoun is attached to the imperative-hortative morpheme <i>-n</i>, which is attached to the stem of the verb. \r\n 	\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan, Nina Dobrushina, and Valentin Goussev. 2008. Imperative-Hortative Systems. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 72. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/39â€> http://wals.info/feature/39 </a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-17', '2008-07-17 21:51:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(154, 'Indefinite Marking (Distinct Article)', 'In languages like English, the indefinite article is distinct from the numeral "one."  \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Indefinite Articles.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 38.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/38">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/38</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-27', '2008-07-27 18:39:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(155, 'Indefinite Marking (Affixal)', 'In some languages, the indefinite marker is affixal, attaching to the noun.  In Korowai, the phrase <i>uma-té-do abül-<b>fekha</b> khomilo-bo</i> ''tell-3PL.REAL-DS man-<b>indef</b> die.3SG.REAL-PERF'' means "they told that <b>a</b> man had died."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Indefinite Articles.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 38.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/38">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/38</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-27', '2008-07-27 18:38:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(156, 'Distributive Numerals (Exist)', 'The English sentence "John and Bill carried three suitcases" is ambiguous.  John and Bill may have split a total of three suitcases between them, or they may each have carried three suitcases.  Many languages, like Georgian, use <i>distributive numerals</i> to draw out the second meaning: \r\n\r\n<br><br><i>Romanma da Zurabma sam-sami Äanta caiɣo.</i> ''Roman.ERG and Zurab.ERG DISTR-three.ABS suitcase.ABS carry.PST.3SG'' for \r\n<br>(i)"Roman and Zurab carried three suitcases each."\r\n<br>(ii)"Roman and Zurab carried the suitcases three by three."\r\n\r\n<br><br>The distributive numerals create a different ambiguity, as demonstrated by interpretations (i) and (ii).  Roman and Zurab may each have carried three suitcases, or sets of three suitcases may have been carried an unspecified, potentially infinite number of times.\r\n\r\n<br><br>If we define distributive numerals in terms of a "share" and a "key," the ambiguity is clarified.  In English, the distribution would be read as the share <i>per</i> key.  In sentence (i), the key is the NP "Roman and Zurab," which indicates that there were three suitcases <i>per</i> person.  In sentence (ii), the key is the verb "carried," which indicates that there were three suitcases <i>per</i> act of carrying, regardless of how many times it occurred.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nGil, David. 2008. Distributive Numerals.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 54. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/54">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/54</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-07', '2008-08-07 20:02:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(157, 'Indefinite Marking (Numeral 1 as Article) ', 'A language uses the same word to represent the numeral <i>one</i> and to indicate the non-specificity of a noun.  In German, the word <i>ein</i> serves this dual purpose.  In the clause <i>Ich habe einen Hund gekauft</i> ''I have one dog bought,'' <i>ein</i> ''one/a'' may stress that the speaker has purchased one and only one dog, or it may act as an indefinite article.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Indefinite Articles.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 38.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/38">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/38</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-27', '2008-07-27 18:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(158, 'Indefinite Pronouns (Generic-Noun-Based)', 'The indefinite pronouns of a language are derived from generic nouns.  This is the case in English, in which the indefinite forms "somebody/someone" and "something" clearly derive from generic nouns denoting "person" and "thing."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Indefinite Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 46. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/46">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/46</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 19:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(159, 'Indefinite_Article Noun (neutral)', 'The word order Indefinite_Article Noun is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''Yes''. The order <i>a bike</i> is neutral. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note:</b> An indefinite article is opposed syntactically, morphologically and semantically to an definite article. ', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 17:07:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(160, 'Indefinite Pronouns (Mixed)', 'The indefinite pronouns of a language derive from a number of possible sources, including interrogative pronouns and generic nouns.  In Maori, the word <i>wai raanei</i> ''somebody'' relates to the interrogative <i>wai</i> ''who,'' while the term <i>mea</i> ''thing; something'' demonstrates a relationship between the indefinite and a generic noun.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Indefinite Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 46.Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/46">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/46</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 19:33:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:33', '2009-01-19 15:16:33'),
(161, 'Indefinite article agrees in gender with noun', 'This property is only relevant to those languages that have gender and indefinite articles. A language shows gender distinctions if nouns are classified into two or more groups depending on how they agree with other elements (verbs, adjectives, pronouns). In English, the noun ''boy'' is masculine, since noun phrases such as "the boy" antecede the masculine pronouns "he" and "him". ', 'Chris Collins', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(162, 'Imperative verb identical to infinitive', 'This property is defined on the basis of positive imperatives. In some languages the positive imperative is inflected. In others, it is identical to the (bare) infinitive. For example, in English <i>be</i> is the imperative and infinitive form, as in <i>Be happy!</i>\r\n', 'Chris Collins', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(163, 'Indefinite Pronoun (Special Expression)', 'The indefinite pronouns of a language, equivalent to English "someone" and "something," have no synchronic relation to other roots in the language.  For example, the Spanish indefinite pronoun <i>alguien</i> ''somebody'' clearly traces back to Latin <i>ali-quem</i> ''INDEF.who,'' comprised of an indefinite prefix and an interrogative pronoun.  However, modern Spanish <i>alguien</i> is monomorphemic and unique.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Indefinite Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 46. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/46">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/46</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 19:49:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(164, 'Interrogative Complementizer (exist)', 'A complementizer is a morpheme that introduces a clause. In some languages, an interrogative Yes-No question is introduced by an (overt) complementizer. This morpheme may or may not be identical to the declarative complementizer. \r\n\r\nGlossing Convention: A declarative complementizer will be glossed COMP.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 11:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(165, 'Indefinite Pronouns (Exist)', 'A language has indefinite pronouns equivalent to the English terms "someone/somebody" and "something."  Languages categorized as <b>no</b> may use other constructions to convey the presence of an indefinite referent.  For instance, Tagalog uses an existential construction in the clause <i> may d<um>ating kahapon</i> ''exist <actor.voice>come.PFV yesterday,'' which means "Someone came yesterday (lit. There exists (one who) came)."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Indefinite Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 46. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/46">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/46</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 20:00:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(166, 'Finite verb precedes subject in Yes-No Questions', 'Yes-no questions are formed by inverting the order of the subject and the verb found in declarative clauses. Example: Will John leave? (yes-no question)', 'Chris Collins', '2008-04-27', '2008-04-27 22:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(167, 'Genitive pronoun agrees in gender with noun', 'This property describes languages like French, where the gentive pronoun agrees in gender with the head noun.\r\n', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 11:39:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(168, 'Intensifiers Identical to Reflexive Pronouns', 'Many languages use the same form as both an intensifier and a reflexive pronoun.\r\n\r\n<br><br>An intensifier appears in a noun or verb phrase to suggest a different referent than the one apparent.  Consider the following English examples:\r\n<br><br>a)(adnominal) The doctor <b>himself</b> treats all patients.\r\n<br> b)(adverbial) The doctor treats all patients <b>himself</b>.\r\n\r\n<br><br>A reflexive pronoun acts as an argument of a transitive verb that is coreferential with the subject of the clause.  One English example is "Johnny(1) tucked <b>himself</b>(1) into bed."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nKönig, Ekkehard & Siemund, Peter (with Töpper, Stephan). 2008. Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 47. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/47">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/47</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 20:26:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(169, 'Negative Asymmetry – Finiteness', ' \r\nLanguages of this type mark <b>finiteness</b> differently in affirmative and negative sentences. Finnish is an example: <i><b>e-n</b> syö-nyt omena-a</i> ‘<b>Neg-1sg</b> eat-PTCP apple.PART’ for ‘I didn’t eat an apple’ (Dryer 2008). The negative auxiliary marks finiteness (takes subject agreement), normally reserved for verbs, and the main verb is in the form of a participle. <br><br>\r\n\r\nAccording to Miestamo (2008), English is not an example of this kind of language. Although English marks finiteness differently in negative sentences, it does so by introducing an extra ‘category,’ the auxiliary <i>do</i>, rather than by marking finiteness on the negative morpheme itself. <br><br>The present property will follow Miestamo (2008), and will be used to identify languages which mark finiteness differently in negative clauses, when the difference does not involve the introduction of a new category. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Note:</b> Many languages have several types of assymetric negation. Such languages will be marked <b>yes</b> or <b>no</b> for each relevant property. Languages which <b>do not have asymetric negation</b> will be marked <b>N/A</b>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Negative Morphemes.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 112. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/112â€> http://wals.info/feature/112</a href>. Accessed on 2008-11-14.<br>\r\nMiestamo, Matti. 2008. Subtypes of Asymmetric Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 114. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/114â€> http://wals.info/feature/113</a href>. Accessed on 2008-11-14.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:24:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(170, 'Negative Asymmetry – NonReal ', 'Languages of this type have a special marker for <b>reality</b> in negative but not affirmative sentences. For example, Imbabura Quechua attaches a suffix <b><i>-chu</i></b> to the finite verb in negative sentences and in questions (Miestamo 2008):<br><br>\r\n a. 	juzi 	iskay 	kaballu-ta 	chari-n 	 <br>\r\n	José 	two 	horse- acc 	have-3 	 <br>\r\n 	‘José has two horses.’ <br><br>\r\nb. 	ñuka 	wawki 	mana 	jatun 	wasi-ta chari-n<b>-chu</b>  <br>\r\n	my 	brother 	neg 	big 	house- acc have-3<b>- neg/q </b><br>\r\n 	‘My brother does not have a big house.’ <br><br>\r\nc. 	kan-paj 	wawki 	jatun 	wasi-ta 	chari-n<b>-chu</b> <br>\r\n	you -poss 	brother 	big 	house- acc 	have-3<b>- neg/q </b><br>\r\n 	‘Does your brother have a big house?’ <br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Note:</b> Many languages have several types of assymetric negation. Such languages will be marked <b>yes</b> or <b>no</b> for each relevant property. Languages which <b>do not have asymetric negation</b> will be marked <b>N/A</b>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nMiestamo, Matti. 2008. Subtypes of Asymmetric Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 114. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/114â€> http://wals.info/feature/114</a href>. Accessed 2008-11-14.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:35:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(171, 'Negative Asymmetry – Category', ' \r\nLanguages of this type involve changes in grammatical category marking in negative sentences (Miestamo 2008). For example, in Koyraboro Senni Songhay, the imperfective marker in the affirmative is replaced by a suppletive ‘negative imperfective’ marker in negative sentences.<br><br>\r\n\r\na. 	n 	<b>ga</b> 	koy 		  <br>\r\n	2sg.subj 	impf 	go 	<br>	\r\n‘You ( sg ) are going.’ 	 	<br> <br>\r\n\r\nb. 	war<b>  	si </b>	koy <br>\r\n2pl.subj 	neg.impf 	go  <br>\r\n‘You ( pl ) are not going.’ <br> <br>\r\n\r\nIt should also be noted that according to Miestamo (2008), English exhibits negative asymmetry in category, since the negative versions of affirmative sentences without auxiliaries induce the introduction of a dummy auxiliary <i>do</i>. <br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>Note:</b> Many languages have several types of asymmetric negation. Such languages will be marked <b>yes</b> or <b>no</b> for each relevant property. Languages which <b>do not have asymmetric negation</b> will be marked <b>N/A</b>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nMiestamo, Matti. 2008. Subtypes of Asymmetric Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 114. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/114â€> http://wals.info/feature/114</a href>. Accessed 2008-11-14. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-11-14', '2008-11-14 10:46:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(172, 'Imperative – 2pl (exist)', 'A special imperative form for the 2pl exists which is not homophonous with any other non-imperative form. This may apply to syntactic constructions or specialized morphemes. See van der Auwera (2008).\r\n<br>For example, in English, the form <i>Go!</i> without any overt subject is only allowed in the 2sg or 2pl imperative. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan, Nina Dobrushina, and Valentin Goussev. 2008. Imperative-Hortative Systems. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 72. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/39â€> http://wals.info/feature/39 </a href>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 10:56:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(173, 'Imperative – 2sg (exist)', 'A special imperative form for the 2sg exists which is not homophonous with any other non-imperative form. This may apply to syntactic constructions or specialized morphemes. See van der Auwera (2008). <br>For example, in English, the form <i>Go!</i> without any overt subject is only allowed in the 2sg or 2pl imperative. \r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan, Nina Dobrushina, and Valentin Goussev. 2008. Imperative-Hortative Systems. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 72. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/39â€> http://wals.info/feature/39 </a href>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 10:59:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(174, 'Imperative (2-person syncretic)', 'There is a special imperative form for 2nd-person, but there is no difference between singular and plural. <br><br>For example, in English the form <i>Go!</i> without any overt subject is only allowed in the 2sg or 2pl imperative, but it is the same form for both. <br><br>On the other hand, Icelandic has a special form for the 2sg imperative, a stem plus a 2sg clitic as in <i>far-ðu</i> ‘go.stem-2sg.CL’, and a different form for the 2pl imperative, namely the stem of the verb with a 2pl agreement suffix and no overt subject, as in <i>far-ið</i> ‘go.stem-2pl.AGR’. Thus, Icelandic, unlike English, does not have a syncretic 2 person imperative form. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan & Lejeune, Ludo (with Pappuswamy, Umarani & Goussev, Valentin). 2008. The Morphological Imperative.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 70.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/70">http://wals.info/feature/70</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 11:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:16:34', '2009-01-19 15:16:34'),
(175, 'Nominal Plurality (2 or More Changes)', 'A language allows the use of 2 or more different morphological changes to indicate the plurality of a noun.  [EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Coding of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 33. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/33">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/33</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-22', '2008-07-22 15:44:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(176, 'Null Copula (exist)', 'The copula in predicative sentences can be null. For example, in Russian, the sentence <i>Ona vraÄ</i> ''she doctor'' the finite form of <i>be</i> is obligatorily null (Stassen 2008). In standard English, on the other hand, the copula is obligatory (<i>she *(is) a doctor</i>). A ''yes'' value for this property indicates that the language allows null copular constructions, as in Russian. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nStassen, Leon. 2008. Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 120.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/120">http://wals.info/feature/120</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-15', '2008-08-15 09:32:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(177, 'Noun Genitive_Noun (neutral)', 'A genitive noun phrase may follow the noun it modifies when occurring in the unmarked case, i.e. within stylistically unmarked contexts and when no focus is placed on any particular constituent. See Dryer (2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from Icelandic (Sigurðsson 2006). \r\n\r\n<br><br><i>Bók kennar-ans</i>\r\n<br>Book teacher-DEF.GEN\r\n<br>''The teacher''s book''\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''No''. While genitive nouns may follow nouns they modify, this must be mediated by the preposition <i>of</i>, as in <i>the book of John''s</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Genitive and Noun.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 86. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/86">http://wals.info/feature/86</a href>. Accessed on 2008-07-14.\r\n<br>Sigurðsson, Halldór Ãrmann. 2006. The Icelandic Noun Phrase: Central Traits. <i>Arkiv för nordisk filologi </i> 121:193-236.\r\n', 'Angela Fink/Jim Wood', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 19:08:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(178, 'Nominal Plurality (Plural Word) ', 'A language indicates the plurality of a noun by inserting a plural word into the noun phrase.  Consider, for example , the Hawaiian construction <i>''elua a''u <b>mau</b> i''a</i> ''two my <b>PL</b> fish'' meaning "my two fish."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Coding of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 33. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/33">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/33</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-22', '2008-07-22 15:43:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(179, 'Nominal and Locational Predication (same)', 'The language in question uses the same strategy for nominal predications, as in <i>He <b>is</b> a doctor</i>, as it does for locational predications, as in <i>He <b>is</b> by the sea</i> (adapted from Stassen 2008). <br><br> A ''no'' value for this property includes languages like Mandarin, where a different predicational element is used in each case. Stassen (2008) provides examples like <i>nei-ge rén <b>shi</b> xuésheng</i> ''that-CLF person <b>is</b> student'' for ''that person is a student,'' in contrast to <i>Lısì <b>zái</b> hai-bian </i>for ''Lisi <b>be.at</b> ocean-side''. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b>\r\nStassen, Leon. 2008. Nominal and Locational Predication.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008). \r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/119">http://wals.info/feature/119</a href>.\r\n \r\n ', 'Jim Wood', '2009-08-15', '2008-08-15 09:37:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(180, 'Nominal Plurality (Clitic)', 'A language marks the plurality of a noun by attaching a plural clitic to part of the noun phrase.  In Sinaugoro, the phrase <i>belema bara=<b>ria</b> taulatoitoi</i> ''six big=<b>PL</b> pythons'' uses a plural clitic to convey "six big pythons." \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Coding of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 33. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/33">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/33</a href>\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-22', '2008-07-22 16:00:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(181, 'Nominal Plurality Marking (exist)', 'A language denotes the plurality of nouns, either through morphological changes to the noun form or by inserting a separate morpheme into the noun phrase.  Please note that this property refers to plural marking, not plural meaning.  In some languages, one noun form may be used to represent both individual and group entities.  Consider Shigatse Tibetan, in which <i>r <u>i</u></i> can mean either "mountain" or "mountains."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Occurrence of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 34.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/34">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/34</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-23', '2008-07-23 20:00:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(182, 'Noun Adjective Definite_Article (possible) ', 'The word order Noun Adjective Definite_Article  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:09:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(183, 'Nominal Plurality (Human Only)', 'Some languages mark only human plurals and lack a plural marking for inanimate objects. Languages that denote plurality for all noun categories should be marked <b>no</b>, while those without any plural markings are <b>NA</b>.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Occurrence of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 34. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/34">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/34</a href>\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-23', '2008-07-23 20:24:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(184, 'Numeral Agreement', 'The numeral agrees with the head noun in gender and/or number.', 'Laziz Nchare', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:33:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(185, 'Noun Adjective Demonstrative (possible)', 'The word order Noun Adjective Demonstrative  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:10:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(186, 'Noun Definite_Article Adjective (possible) ', 'The word order Noun Definite_Article Adjective  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:10:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(187, 'Noun_Phrase Adposition (neutral)', 'The word order Noun_Phrase Adposition is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from Lezgian (Dryer 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br>\r\n<i>duxtur-r-in patariw fe-na </i>\r\n<br>doctor-pl-gen to go-aor\r\n<br>''She went to doctors''\r\n\r\n<br><br>This property is only defined for languages with adpositions (prepositions or postpositions). Languages without adpositions should be <b>NA</b>.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 85. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/85">http://wals.info/feature/85</a href>. \r\nAccessed on 2008-12-29.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 16:59:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(188, 'Noun Demonstrative Adjective (neutral)   ', 'The word order Noun Demonstrative Adjective is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(189, 'Noun Adjective Demonstrative (neutral)   ', 'The word order Noun Adjective Demonstrative is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''No''. The order <i>*bike red this</i> is not possible. \r\n\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2009-01-08', '2009-01-08 16:30:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(190, 'Negative Indefinites – Bipartite – Preclude Neg2', '\r\nThere exist in the language negative indefinites which preclude the second negative marker of clausal negation. The second negative marker will be the one which comes linearly second. In such a language, while an ordinary sentence contains two negative markers, a sentence with a negative indefinite like <i>nothing</i> will only have the first.<br><br>\r\n\r\nAn example comes from Maltese. An ordinary negative sentence has a negative marker preceding the finite verb (Neg1) and another suffixed to it (Neg2). However, when the indefinite negative <i>xejn</i> is used, the second marker is not used. \r\n\r\n<br><br><i>From Haspelmath (2008)</i><br>\r\nPatricia <b>ma</b> rat<b>-x</b> lit-tifel <br>\r\nP. <b>Neg1</b> she.saw<b>-Neg2</b> ACC.the-boy\r\n<br><br>\r\nPatricia <b>ma</b> rat(<b>*-x</b>) xejn <br>\r\nP. <b>Neg1</b> she.saw(<b>*-Neg2</b>) nothing\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\nNote:</b> Languages which do not use bipartite negation will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. There is a corresponding property for such languages. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 115. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/115â€> http://wals.info/feature/115</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-26', '2008-10-26 14:47:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(191, 'Negative Indefinites – Bipartite – Preclude Neg1', 'There exist in the language negative indefinites which preclude the first negative marker of clausal negation. The first negative marker will be the one which comes linearly first. In such a language, while an ordinary sentence contains two negative markers, a sentence with a negative indefinite like <i>nothing</i> will only have the second (see Haspelmath 2008).<br><br>\r\n\r\n[NEED EXAMPLE]<br><br>\r\n\r\nNote:</b> Languages which do not use bipartite negation will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. There is a corresponding property for such languages. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 115. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/115â€> http://wals.info/feature/115</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-26', '2008-10-26 14:52:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(192, 'Noun Demonstrative (possible)', 'Demonstratives, such <i>this, that</i>, follow the noun they modify, though this order may be stylistically marked or involve focus on one of the constituents in the phrase. \r\n\r\n<br><br>The following example from Icelandic is possible, but stylistically marked (Vangsnes 1999:148). It is often considered restricted to formal contexts.\r\n\r\n<br><br><i>maður þessi</i> \r\n<br>man this<br>\r\n''this man''\r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b>\r\n<br>Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander. 1999. <i>The Identification of Functional Architecture</i>. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Bergen.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 16:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(193, 'Negative Indefinites – Bipartite – Preclude All Clausal Negation', 'There exist in the language negative indefinites which preclude both negative markers of clausal negation. In such a language, while an ordinary sentence contains two negative markers, a sentence with a negative indefinite like <i>nothing</i> will have neither of these markers (Haspelmath 2008).<br><br>\r\n\r\n[NEED EXAMPLE]<br><br>\r\n\r\nNote:</b> Languages which do not use bipartite negation will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. There is a corresponding property for such languages. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 115. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/115â€> http://wals.info/feature/115</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-26', '2008-10-26 14:53:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(194, 'Negative Indefinites – Bipartite – Require All Clausal Negation', 'There exist in the language negative indefinites which require both negative markers of clausal negation. In such a language, clauses with negative indefinites such as <i>nothing</i> require two markers for clausal negation, exactly like clauses without negative indefinites. \r\n<br><br>\r\n[NEED EXAMPLE]<br><br>\r\n\r\nNote:</b> Languages which do not use bipartite negation will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. There is a corresponding property for such languages. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 115. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/115â€> http://wals.info/feature/115</a href>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-26', '2008-10-26 14:57:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(195, 'Noun Demonstrative Adjective (possible) ', 'The word order Noun Demonstrative Adjective  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:11:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(196, 'Noun Definite_Article Adjective (neutral)   ', 'The word order Noun Definite_Article Adjective is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''No''. The order <i>*bike the red</i> is not possible. \r\n\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 14:02:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51');
INSERT INTO `unapproved_properties` (`id`, `property`, `description`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES
(197, 'Negative Indefinites – Existential Construction', 'The only languages which will be marked ‘yes’ for this property are those which use a negative existential construction in place of negative indefinites. <br><br>\r\nHaspelmath (2008) gives an example form Nelemwa:<br><br>\r\n<b>Kia</b> agu i uya<br>\r\n<b>not.exist</b> person 3sg uya<br><br>\r\nLanguages like this seem to use the existential construction, similar to English <i>There isn’t anybody who came</i>, in place of negative indefinites, as in <i>Nobody came</i>. <br><br>\r\n<b>Note:</b> Languages should be valued as either ‘yes’ if they fit this description, or ‘no’ if they do not. There is no N/A value for this property. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 115. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/115â€> http://wals.info/feature/115</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-26', '2008-10-26 15:04:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(198, 'Noun Demonstrative (neutral)', 'The word order Noun Demonstrative is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, in Maba, demonstratives, such <i>this, that</i>, follow the noun they modify in the unmarked case (Dryer 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><i>mašuk wak</i> \r\n<br>boy this\r\n<br>''This boy'' \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''No''. The order <i>*boy this</i> is not possible. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Demonstrative and Noun.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 88.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/88">http://wals.info/feature/88</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-15.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 17:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(199, 'Noun Genitive_Noun (possible) ', 'The word order Noun Genitive_Noun  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:11:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(200, 'Noun Adjective Definite_Article (neutral)   ', 'The word order Noun Adjective Definite_Article is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>English:</b> The English setting for this property is ''No''. The order <i>*bike red the</i> is not possible. \r\n\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2009-01-08', '2009-01-08 16:29:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(201, 'Negative Indefinites – Require Clausal Negation', 'Negative indefinites, such as <i>nobody</i>, require clausal negation. Haspelmath (2008) cites Russian as an example. In both of the examples below, the negative indefinites (<i>Nikto</i> ‘nobody’ and <i>nicego</i> ‘nothing’) require the clausal negation marker <i>ne</i>.\r\n<br><br>\r\n<b>Nikto</b> ne prisel<br>\r\n<b>Nobody</b> Neg came<br><br>\r\n\r\nJa ne videla <b>nicego</b><br>\r\nI Neg saw <b>nothing</b><br><br>\r\n\r\n<b>\r\nNote:</b> Languages which use bipartite negation will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. There is a corresponding property for bipartite negation. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 115. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/115â€> http://wals.info/feature/115</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-26', '2008-10-26 15:04:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(202, 'Noun PP (possible) ', 'The word order Noun PP  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:11:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(203, 'Negative Indefinites – Preclude Clausal Negation', 'There exist in the language negative indefinites which preclude clausal negation. For example, in English, <i>nobody</i> is a negative indefinite which precludes clausal negation, as in <i>Nobody (*didn’t) left</i>, or <i>I (*don’t) see nobody</i> (see Haspelmath 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>\r\nNote:</b> Languages which use bipartite negation will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. There is a corresponding property for bipartite negation. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 115. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/115â€> http://wals.info/feature/115</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-26', '2008-10-26 15:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(204, 'Noun Relative_Clause (possible) ', 'The word order Noun Relative_Clause  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:11:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(205, 'Nominal Conjunction: ‘And’ and ‘with’ the same', 'Some languages do not have different words for ''and'' and ''with,'' as in ''I went with John'' vs. ''John and I went.'' See Stassen (2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nStassen, Leon. 2008. Noun Phrase Conjunction.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 63.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/63">http://wals.info/feature/63</a href>. ', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 15:23:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(206, 'Noun Simple_Adjective (possible)', 'The word order Noun Simple_Adjective  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(207, 'Nominal/Verbal Conjunction the same', 'The same word is used for noun phrase conjunction and verb phrase (or clausal) conjunction. <br><br>For example,\r\nin English the phrase <i>John and Bill</i> uses the same word, <i>and</i>, as in verb phrase conjunction such as <i>John jumped and fell</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Nominal and Verbal Conjunction.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 64.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/64">http://wals.info/feature/64</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 17:06:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(208, 'Noun_Phrase Adposition (possible) ', 'The word order Noun_Phrase Adposition is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(209, 'Noun Relative_Clause (neutral)', 'The word order Noun Relative_Clause is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br><br>Relative clauses are clauses which modify a noun. An example comes from English <i>the man <b>who I saw</b></i>.  \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 11:46:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(210, 'Nominal Genders (No Distinctions)', 'All nouns fall morphologically into one class, such that there is no overt morphology on nouns indicating gender, as in English noun phrases. See Corbett (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCorbett, Greville G. 2008. Number of Genders.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 30.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/30"> http://wals.info/feature/30</a href>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 19:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(211, 'Nominal genders (2 or more)', 'Two or more formal classes of nouns, genders, are distinguished. For example, in Italian, nouns are either masculine, often ending in –o, or feminine, ending in –a. See Corbett (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCorbett, Greville G. 2008. Number of Genders.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 30.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/30"> http://wals.info/feature/30</a href>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 15:11:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(212, 'Nominal genders (3 or more)', 'Three or more formal classes of nouns, genders, are distinguished. For example, in Icelandic, nouns are either masculine, often ending in –nn, feminine, often ending in –n, or neuter, often ending in –ð. See Corbett (2008).\r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCorbett, Greville G. 2008. Number of Genders.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 30.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/30"> http://wals.info/feature/30</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 15:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(213, 'Nominal genders (4 or more)', 'Four or more formal classes of nouns, genders, are distinguished. According to Corbett (2008), Dyirbal, Tsez, and Pirahã are examples of such languages. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCorbett, Greville G. 2008. Number of Genders.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 30.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/30"> http://wals.info/feature/30</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 15:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(214, 'Nominal genders (5 or more)', 'Five or more formal classes of nouns, genders, are distinguished. According to Corbett (2008), Chichewa, Swahili and Zulu are examples of such languages. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCorbett, Greville G. 2008. Number of Genders.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 30.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/30"> http://wals.info/feature/30</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 15:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(215, 'Noun Numeral (neutral)', 'The word order Noun Numeral is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from Ju|’hoan (Dryer 2008):<br>\r\n\r\n<br><i>jú tsán</i> \r\n<br>person two \r\n<br>‘two people’\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Numeral and Noun.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 89. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/89">http://wals.info/feature/89</a href>. Accessed on 2008-07-15.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 10:33:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(216, 'Nominal Plurality (Obligatory)', 'A language requires that overt plural markings are used to indicate any instance of noun pluralization.  In other languages, such markings may be always optional or optional for inanimate nouns only.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHaspelmath, Martin. 2008. Occurrence of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 34.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/34">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/34</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-29', '2008-07-29 17:11:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(217, 'Noun Numeral (possible)', 'The word order Noun Numeral is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, the following Icelandic example exhibits this order, but only when the head noun is definite (Sigurðsson 2006):\r\n\r\n<br><br><i>frægu greiningarnar þrjár</i> \r\n<br>famous analyses.the three\r\n<br>‘the three famous analyses’ \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nSigurðsson, Halldór Ãrmann. 2006. The Icelandic Noun Phrase: Central Traits. <i> Arkiv för nordisk filologi 121</i>:193-236.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 10:31:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(218, 'Nominal Plurality (Prefix)', 'A language marks the plurality of a noun by adding a prefix to it.  Consider, for example, the Anindilyakwa construction <i><b>wirr</b>-iyikwayiwa</i> ''<b>PL</b>-child'' meaning "children."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Coding of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 33. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/33">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/33</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-22', '2008-07-22 14:16:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(219, 'Noun Simple_Adjective (neutral) ', 'The word order Noun Simple_Adjective is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. See Dryer (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br>Simple_Adjective refers to an adjective that is unmodified and with no complement. For example,\r\n<i>proud of John</i> and <i>very proud</i> are not simple adjectives. \r\n\r\n<br><br> In Italain,\r\nsimple attributive adjectives follow the noun\r\nthey modify:\r\n\r\n<br><br><i>libro rosso</i>\r\n<br>book red\r\n<br>''red book''\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b>\r\n<br>Dryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Adjective and Noun.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 87.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/87">http://wals.info/feature/87</a href>. \r\nAccessed on 2008-12-29.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 11:49:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(220, 'Nominal Plurality (Suffix)', 'A language marks the plurality of a noun by adding a suffix to it.  In English, the plural of <i>dog</i> is formed by adding the suffix <i>-s</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Coding of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 33.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/33">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/33</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-22', '2008-07-22 15:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(221, 'Number Marking (Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'The form of the finite verb has no number agreement distinctions in the past tense, such that there is never a difference between singular and plural within 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person past tense. [NEED EXAMPLE]', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(222, 'Noun PP (neutral)', 'The word order Noun PP (prepositional phrase) is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from English  <i>the boy in the bucket</i>. ', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 11:42:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(223, 'Nominal Plurality (Stem Change)', 'A language indicates the plurality of a noun by changing its stem vowel.  In Maricopa, <i>humar</i> ''child'' becomes <i>humaar</i> ''children.''  In English, irregular plurals like <i>men</i> and <i>geese</i> are formed in this way, from <i>man</i> and <i>goose</i> respectively.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Coding of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 33. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/33">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/33</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-22', '2008-07-22 15:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(224, 'Nominal Plurality (Tone)', 'A language indicates the plurality of a noun by changing its tone.  [EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Dryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Coding of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 33. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/33">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/33</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-22', '2008-07-22 15:46:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(225, 'Nominal Plurality (Complete Reduplication)', 'A language indicates the plurality of a noun by means of complete reduplication.  For instance, in Indonesian, the singular <i>rumah</i> ''house'' becomes the plural <i>rumah-rumah</i> ''houses.''  In order to qualify as complete reduplication, the entire noun stem must be repeated; the reduplication of  a partial segment is considered a type of affixation.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Coding of Nominal Plurality.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 33. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/33">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/33</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-22', '2008-07-22 14:47:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(226, 'Number Marking (Syncretic) ', 'The form of the finite verb has no number agreement distinctions, so that there is never a difference between singular and plural within 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 12:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:17:51', '2009-01-19 15:17:51'),
(227, 'Person Marking Alignment (Active)', ' Person Marking Alignment refers to how person agreement markers on the verb correspond to the types of verbal arguments, such as the subject of transitive clauses, subject of intransitive clauses, and object of transitive clauses. <br><br>A ''yes'' value indicate that the language has an ''active'' system. That is, the type of agreement marker depends "on a range of semantic factors such as eventhood, performance/effect, instigation, control and significant affectedness" (Siewierska 2008).  <br><br>An example of this is Koasati, where the prefix <i>ca-</i> indicates agreement with a Patient-like argument, while the suffix <i>-li</i> indicates agreement with an Agent-like argument. <br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which do not exhibit subject and object agreement on the verb will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this value.<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Alignment of Verbal Person Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 100. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/100">http://wals.info/feature/100</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-07', '2008-08-07 15:16:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(228, 'Person Marking (1sg and 2sg Syncretic)', 'The form of the finite verb is syncretic for 1st and 2nd person, but 3rd person is distinct, as in the hypothetical English paradigm <i>I was, you was, he <b>were</b></i>. This pattern holds in the singular for at least one verb. See Baerman & Brown (2008). [NEED REAL EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-13.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 12:17:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(229, 'Person Marking (1sg and 3sg Syncretic)', 'The form of the finite verb is syncretic for 1st and 3rd person, but 2rd person is distinct, as in the English paradigm <i>I was, he was, you <b>were</b></i>. This pattern holds in the singular only for at least one verb. See Baerman & Brown (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-13.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 12:19:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(230, 'Person Marking Alignment (Hierarchical) ', 'Person Marking Alignment refers to how person agreement markers on the verb correspond to the types of verbal arguments, such as the subject of transitive clauses, subject of intransitive clauses, and object of transitive clauses. <br><br>A ''yes'' value indicate that the language has an ''hierarchical'' system. That is, the type of agreement marker depends on some kind of ontological hierarchy, such as ''Person'' (Siewierska 2008). <br><br>  For example, Plains Cree exhibits a Person Hierarchy of 2 > 1 > 3. If there is a 2 person argument, no matter whether the subject or the object is 2 person, it will be the prefixal agreement marker. A 3 person or 1 person marker will be the suffixal agreement marker, as in <i><b>ki</b>-wapam-i-<b>n</b></i> ''2.A-see-DIR-1.P'' for ''You see me'' and <i><b>ki</b>-wapam-iti-<b>n</b></i> ''2.P-see-INV-1.P'' for ''I see you.'' In this example, as in other languages, when the Patient outranks the Agent, an ''Inverse'' marker <i>-iti</i> is used. Otherwise, the direct marker <i>-i</i> is used (Siewierska 2008). <br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which do not exhibit subject and object agreement on the verb will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this value. <br><br><b>Glossing Conventions:</b> Direct markers will be glossed DIR. Inverse markers will be glossed INV. <br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Alignment of Verbal Person Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 100. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/100">http://wals.info/feature/100</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-07', '2008-08-07 15:17:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(231, 'Person Marking (2sg and 3sg Syncretic)', 'The form of the finite verb is syncretic for 2nd and 3rd person, but 2nd person is distinct, as in the hypothetical English paradigm <i>you was, he was, I <b>were</b></i>. This pattern holds in the singular for at least one verb. See Baerman & Brown (2008). [NEED REAL EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-13.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 12:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(232, 'Person Marking (1pl and 2pl Syncretic)', 'The form of the finite verb is syncretic for 1st and 2nd person, but 3rd person is distinct, as in the hypothetical English paradigm <i>we was, you.PL was, they <b>were</b></i>. This pattern holds in the plural for at least one verb. See Baerman & Brown (2008).[NEED REAL EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-13.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 12:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(233, 'Person Marking (1pl and 3pl syncretic)', 'The form of the finite verb is syncretic for 1st and 3rd person, but 2rd person is distinct, as in the hypothetical English paradigm <i>we was, they was, you.PL <b>were</b></i>. This pattern holds in the plural for at least one verb. See Baerman & Brown (2008).[NEED REAL EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-13.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 12:18:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(234, 'Person Marking (2pl and 3pl Syncretic) ', 'The form of the finite verb is syncretic for 2nd and 3rd person, but 2nd person is distinct, as in the hypothetical English paradigm <i>you.PL was, they was, we <b>were</b></i>. This pattern holds in the plural for at least one verb. See Baerman & Brown (2008).[NEED REAL EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-13.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 12:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(235, 'Person Marking – Verbal (Subject/Agent)', '\r\nThe language exhibits verbal person marking which agrees with the subject or agent of the sentence (Siewierska 2008). English is an example of this type of language, where 3sg marker <i>-s</i> is an agreement marker which agrees with the subject of the sentence, not the object, as in <i>He attack-s me</i>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Verbal Person Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 102. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/102">http://wals.info/feature/102</a href>.\r\n\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 13:11:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(236, 'Person Marking – Verbal (Object/Patient)', '\r\nThe language exhibits verbal person marking which agrees with the object or patient of the sentence (Siewierska 2008). An example is Yawa, where the 3sg prefix <i>r-</i> attaches to the verb and agrees with the patient, as in <i>Dorpinus po Marianna r-anepata</i> ‘Dorpinus ERG.3sg.M Marianna 3sg.F.OBJ-hit’ for ‘Dorpinus is/was hitting Marianne’ (Siewierska 2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Verbal Person Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 102. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/102">http://wals.info/feature/102</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 13:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(237, 'Optative Affix (exist)', 'An affix exists which carries the meaning conveyed by English sentences <i>May God always help you!</i> \r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, in Kumyk, a suffix <i>-ghaj</i> can attach to the verb to convey this meaning, as in <i>Jaxšy jangur jav-ghaj edi</i> ‘good rain rain-OPT COP’ for something like <i>Would that it rained</i> or <i>May it rain!</i>(Dobrushina et al. 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Glossing Convention:</b> The optative will be glossed OPT. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which do not productively use affixal morphology will be marked <b>NA</b>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDobrushina, Nina & van der Auwera, Johan & Goussev, Valentin. 2008. The Optative.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 73.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/73â€> http://wals.info/feature/73</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-17', '2008-07-17 11:02:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(238, 'Object Adverb Verb (possible) ', 'The word order Object Adverb Verb  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(239, 'Past Participle Agreement', 'The language has past participles that show agreement. For example, in Italian the past participle agrees in gender and number with the cliticized object. In English, the past participle (used in the perfect) never agrees with any DP.', 'Andrea Cattaneo', '2008-05-04', '2008-05-04 15:42:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(240, 'Object Verb (neutral)   ', 'The word order Object Verb is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(241, 'Object PP Verb (possible) ', 'The word order Object PP Verb is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(242, 'Person Marking – Verbal (Subject/Agent or Object/Patient)', 'The language exhibits verbal person marking which agrees with either the subject/agent or object/patient of the clause, but not both. Which argument it agrees with is often dependant on a hierarchy such as the Person Hierarchy of Nocte, where 1 person > 2 person > 3 person. The verb agrees with the agent or patient, depending on which is higher in the hierarchy. If the patient is higher, it occurs with the <b>Inverse Marker</b> (Gloss = <b>INV</b>) <i>h</i>.<br><br> An example is the Nocte sentence <i>ate-ma nga-nagn he(i)tho-<b>h-ang</b></i>, ‘he-ERG I-ACC teach-<b>INV-1sg.P</b> for ‘He will teach me,’ where the agreement marker <i>-ang</i> agrees with the 1 person patient since the agent is 3 person, inducing the Inverse marker <i>h</i> (Siewierska 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which are marked ‘yes’ for this property should be marked <b>N/A</b> for <i>Person Marking – Verbal (Object/Patient)</i> and <i> Person Marking – Verbal (Subject/Agent)</i>. \r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Verbal Person Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 102. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/102">http://wals.info/feature/102</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 13:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(243, 'Person Marking on Adpositions', 'The adpositions of a language may take person marking, regardless of whether their objects are nominal or pronominal.  The person marking must distinguish between at least 2 persons, and it must be affixal, not clitic.  <br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which do not have adpostions (prepositions or postpositions) will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBakker, Dik. 2008. Person Marking on Adpositions.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 48. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/48">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/48</a href>. Accessed on 2008-11-17.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-11-17', '2008-11-17 19:41:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(244, 'Object Subject Verb (possible) ', 'The word order Object Subject Verb is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(245, 'Person Marking – 3 Person Zero (Exist)', '\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that there exists some 3 person markers which are realized as null (unpronounced) morphemes. For example, in Chepang, there are overt morphemes for 3 person dual and plural, but 3 person singular is marked by a null or ‘zero’ affix (Siewierska 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which have no verbal person marking on any person (1, 2 or 3) are to be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property, as this property distinguishes between 3 person marking versus other person marking. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 103. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/103">http://wals.info/feature/103</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 13:24:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(246, 'Object Verb PP (possible) ', 'The word order Object Verb PP is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(247, 'Person Marking – 3 Person Zero (All)', '\r\nA ‘yes’ value indicates that all 3 person affixes in the language are zero morphemes. An example is So, where there are agreement morphemes for 1 and 2 person singular and plural, but 3 person affixes are always realized as null or ‘zero’ (Siewierska 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which have no verbal person marking on any person (1, 2 or 3) are to be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property, as this property distinguishes between 3 person marking versus other person marking. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 103. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/103">http://wals.info/feature/103</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 13:25:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:01', '2009-01-19 15:19:01'),
(248, 'Person Marking – Order (Agent Patient)', ' \r\nA ‘yes’ value for this property indicates that markers agreeing with the Agent precede markers that agree with the Patient. <br><br> An example is Swahili, where 1sg Agent marker <i>ni-</i> precedes the 3sg Patient marker on the verb in a sentence like <i>ni-li-mw-ona</i> ‘1sg.A-PST-3sg.P-see’ for ‘I saw him’ (Siewierska 2008). <br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which do not have <b>both</b> overt subject/agent <b>and</b> overt object/patient agreement are to be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Order of Person Markers on the Verb. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 104. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/104">http://wals.info/feature/104</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 13:26:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(249, 'Object Verb Subject (neutral)', 'The word order Object Verb Subject is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Subject, Object and Verb.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 81.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/81">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/81</a href>. Accessed on 2008-07-11.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-11', '2008-07-11 21:02:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(250, 'Object Verb Adverb (neutral)   ', 'An <u>adverb</u> in this case refers to adverbs with sentential scope, as in English <i>probably</i>. The word order Object Verb Adverb is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(251, 'Person Marking – Order (Patient Agent) ', 'A ‘yes’ value for this property indicates that markers agreeing with the Agent follow markers that agree with the Patient. <br><br>An example comes from Tauya, where the 3pl Patient marker precedes the 3sg Agent marker in a sentence like <i>nen-yau-a-?a</i> ‘3pl.P-see-3sg.A-IND’ for ‘S/he saw them’ (Siewierska 2008). <br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which do not have <b>both</b> overt subject/agent <b>and</b> overt object/patient agreement are to be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Order of Person Markers on the Verb. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 104. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/104">http://wals.info/feature/104</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 15:56:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(252, 'Object Adverb Verb (neutral)      ', 'An <u>adverb</u> in this case refers to adverbs with sentential scope, as in English <i>probably</i>. The word order Object Adverb Verb is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(253, 'Past Imperfect Morpheme is an Affix', 'This property is not defined (NA) if the language does not have a past imperfect aspect.\r\n\r\nSome languages have a distinct verb form for the past imperfect (French, Italian, Spanish).', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 11:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(254, 'Numeral Noun (neutral)', 'The word order Numeral Noun is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. See Dryer (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br>An example is English <i>three guitars</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Numeral and Noun.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 89. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/89">http://wals.info/feature/89</a href>. \r\nAccessed on 2008-12-29.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 13:23:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(255, 'Person Marking – Order (Agent-Patient Fused) ', 'A ‘yes’ value for this property indicates that the order of Agent/Patient agreement markers cannot be determined because the forms are <b>fused</b>. That is, the forms for Agent are not clearly segmentable from the forms for Patient. <br><br> Jaqaru is an example. For example, ‘she sees us’ is indicated with the agreement suffix <i>-ushtu</i> and ‘she sees him’ with the agreement suffix <i>-ti</i> in the sentences <i>ill-k<b>-ushtu</b></i> and <i>ill-k<b>-ti</b></i>, respectively (Siewierska 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which do not have <b>both</b> overt subject/agent <b>and</b> overt object/patient agreement are to be marked <b>N/A</b> for this property. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Order of Person Markers on the Verb. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 104. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/104">http://wals.info/feature/104</a href>.\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 15:58:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(256, 'Passive Construction (exist)', 'The language has an identifiable Passive construction, defined as follows. There is a special morpheme which can be added to a verb, what is usually the object into the subject, and the subject becomes a non-obligatory oblique phrase. <br><br>For example, in the English sentence <i>The car was driven by John</i>, the <i>-en</i> morphology is added to the verb, <i>the car</i> becomes the subject and <i>John</i> becomes the object of the oblique preposition <i>by</i>. In addition, it can be left out, as in <i>The car was driven</i>. See Siewierska (2008) for more on passives. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Passive Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 107. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/107">http://wals.info/feature/107</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-05-04', '2008-05-04 15:46:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(257, 'Participle in Progressive (exist)', 'Some languages use an participle to form the progressive. In English, this participle ends in -ing ("I am/was running.").', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 11:40:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(258, 'Object Verb (possible)', 'The word order Object Verb is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:14:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(259, 'Person Marking (1 and 2 Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'The form of the finite verb is syncretic for 1st and 2nd person, but 3rd person is distinct, as in the hypothetical English paradigm <i>I was, you was, he/she/it <b>were</b></i>. This pattern holds in the past tense for at least one verb. See Baerman & Brown (2008).[NEED REAL EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-13.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 12:39:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(260, 'Object Verb Adverb (possible) ', 'The word order Object Verb Adverb is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, the following Russian sentence is possible, but only with focus on <i>chasto</i> ''often'' (Olga Istomina p.c.). \r\n\r\n<i><br><br>Maria kofe pjot’ chasto</i>\r\n<br>Mary coffee drinks often\r\n<br>''Mary often drinks coffee.''', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:14:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(261, 'Object Subject Verb (neutral)', 'The word order Object Subject Verb is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Order of Subject, Object and Verb.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 81. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/81">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/81<a/ href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-11', '2008-07-11 20:58:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(262, 'Object Verb Subject (possible) ', 'The word order Object Verb Subject is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(263, 'Perfect Aspect (Marked on verb)', 'Perfective aspect is marked morphologically on the finite verb. Note that a ‘yes’ value does not include periphrastic aspect marking, such as with English <i>have</i>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDahl, Östen & Velupillai, Viveka. 2008. The Perfect.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 68.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/68">http://wals.info/feature/68</a href>. \r\nAccessed on 2008-11-18.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-11-17', '2008-11-17 18:56:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(264, 'Numeral Noun (possible)', 'The word order Numeral Noun is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE] ', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 13:28:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(265, 'Past Tense', 'Past tense is marked morphologically on the finite verb. Note that a ‘yes’ value does not include periphrastic tense marking. ', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(266, 'Person Marking (2 and 3 Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'The form of the finite verb is syncretic for 2nd and 3rd person, but 1st person is distinct, as in the hypothetical English paradigm <i>you was, he/she/it was, I <b>were</b></i>. This pattern holds in the past tense for at least one verb. See Baerman & Brown (2008).[NEED REAL EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-13.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-11-17', '2008-11-17 19:22:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(267, 'Person Marking (1 and 3 Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'The form of the finite verb is syncretic for 1st and 3rd person, but 2rd person is distinct, as in the English paradigm <i>I was, he/she/it was, you <b>were</b></i>. This pattern holds in the past tense for at least one verb. See Baerman & Brown (2008).\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-17.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-11-17', '2008-11-17 19:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(268, 'Perfect Aspect (exist)', 'Some languages have ways of marking events/states that took place before some reference time, but are still relevant at that reference time, as in English <i>I had eaten 50 pizzas.</i> See Dahl & Velupillai (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDahl, Östen & Velupillai, Viveka. 2008. The Perfect.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 68.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/68">http://wals.info/feature/68</a href>. \r\nAccessed on 2008-07-20.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-20', '2008-07-20 17:52:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(269, 'Perfect aspect homophonous with possessive', 'A ‘yes’ value indicates that there is a word which can be used to mark possession and perfect aspect. An example is English <i>have</i>, as in <i>I have a car</i> as well as <i>I have eaten shark</i>. See Dahl & Velupillai (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDahl, Östen & Velupillai, Viveka. 2008. The Perfect.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 68.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/68">http://wals.info/feature/68</a href>. \r\nAccessed on 2008-11-18.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-11-17', '2008-11-17 19:00:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(270, 'Person Marking (Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'The form of the finite verb has no person agreement distinctions in the past tense, such that 1st person is never distinct from 2nd person, or 2nd from 3rd, but there may be distinctions between singular and plural in the past tense. See Baerman & Brown (2008).[NEED REAL EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-13.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-11-17', '2008-11-17 19:24:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(271, 'Perfect aspect homophonous with ‘finished’', 'A ‘yes’ value indicates that there is a word which means ''finished,'' but can also be used to mark perfect aspect. Non-standard English ‘done’ is an example, as in <i>He done ate 50 pizzas.</i> See Dahl & Velupillai (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDahl, Östen & Velupillai, Viveka. 2008. The Perfect.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 68.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/68">http://wals.info/feature/68</a href>. \r\nAccessed on 2008-11-18.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-11-17', '2008-11-17 19:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(272, 'Object PP Verb (neutral)   ', 'The word order Object PP Verb is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 13:30:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(273, 'Person Marking Alignment  (Nom - Acc)', 'Person Marking Alignment refers to how person agreement markers on the verb correspond to the types of verbal arguments, such as the subject of transitive clauses, subject of intransitive clauses, and object of transitive clauses. <br><br>A ''yes'' value indicate that the language has one type of marker for subjects of transitive and intransitive clauses, and another for objects of transitive clauses. See Siewierska (2008).<br><br>For example, in Tawala, the subject marker for transitive and intransitive verbs is a prefix, such as the third-person prefix <i>i-</i>, but the marker for the object of a transitive verb is a suffix, such as the third-person marker <i>-ya</i>, as in the the sentence <i>i-bowi-ye-ya</i> ''3sg.A-deny-TR-3sg.P'' for ''He denied him.'' <br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which do not exhibit subject and object agreement on the verb will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this value.<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Alignment of Verbal Person Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 100. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/100">http://wals.info/feature/100</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-07', '2008-08-07 15:14:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(274, 'Object Verb PP (neutral)   ', 'The word order Object Verb PP is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 13:35:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02');
INSERT INTO `unapproved_properties` (`id`, `property`, `description`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES
(275, 'Person Marking (Syncretic)', 'The form of the finite verb has no person agreement distinctions, such that 1st person is never distinct from 2nd person, or 2nd from 3rd, but there may be distinctions between singular and plural. See Baerman & Brown (2008).[NEED REAL EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBaerman, Matthew & Brown, Dunstan. 2008. Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 29.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/29">http://wals.info/feature/29</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-13.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 12:14:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(276, 'Person Marking Alignment  (Erg - Abs)', 'Person Marking Alignment refers to how person agreement markers on the verb correspond to the types of verbal arguments, such as the subject of transitive clauses, subject of intransitive clauses, and object of transitive clauses. <br><br>A ''yes'' value indicate that the language has one type of marker for subjects and objects of transitive clauses, and another for subjects of transitive clauses. See Siewierska (2008).<br><br>For example, in Konjo, the marker for the object of transitive verbs and the subject of intransitive verbs is a suffix, such as third-person <i>-i</i>, whereas the marker for the subject of transitive verbs is a prefix, such as third-person <i>na-</i>. This is shown in the intransitive sentence <i>a''-lampa<b>-i</b> Amir</i> ''INTR-go-<b>3</b> Amir'' for ''Amir goes'' and in the transitive sentence <i><b>na-</b>peepe''<b>-i</b> Amir asung-ku</i> ''<b>3.AGT</b>-hit-<b>3.PAT</b> Amir dog-1'' for ''Amir hit my dog.'' <br><br><b>Note:</b> Languages which do not exhibit subject and object agreement on the verb will be marked <b>N/A</b> for this value.<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Siewierska, Anna. 2008. Alignment of Verbal Person Marking. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 100. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/100">http://wals.info/feature/100</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-07', '2008-08-07 15:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(277, 'Partitive clitic', 'The language has a partitive clitic', 'txuss', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:19:02', '2009-01-19 15:19:02'),
(278, 'Predicative Possession (Transitive ‘Have’)', '\r\nPredicative possession refers to indefinite, alienable possession. Sentences like <i>This bike is John’s</i> or <i>I have two eyes</i> are thus excluded.<br><br>\r\n\r\nThe language encodes this with a transitive <i>have</i>-type verb, as in English <i>John has a guitar</i>. In this type, the verb <i>have</i> is a possessive predicate which takes the possessor as its subject and the possessee as its object. See Stassen (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Stassen, Leon. 2008. Predicative Possession.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 117. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/117â€> http://wals.info/feature/117</a href>. 	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-16', '2008-08-16 13:16:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(280, 'Politeness Disctinction in Pronouns (Exist)', 'Many languages use different 2nd person pronouns to express varying degrees of familiarity or respect toward addressees.  These pronouns may be bound or independent.  Consider German, which has <i>du</i> ''you.SG.FAMILIAR,'' <i>ihr</i> ''you.PL.FAMILIAR,'' and <i>Sie</i> ''you.HONORIFIC,'' which does not denote number.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHelmbrecht, Johannes. 2008. Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 45. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/45">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/45</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-05', '2008-08-05 16:18:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(281, 'Predicative Possession (Existential – Locational)', '\r\nPredicative possession refers to indefinite, alienable possession. Sentences like <i>This bike is John’s</i> or <i>I have two eyes</i> are thus excluded.<br><br>\r\n\r\nThe language encodes this with an existential expression which takes the possessor as the object of an oblique locational preposition. Stassen (2008) provides an example from written Mongolian, where <i>na-dur morin bui</i> ‘1sg-at horse be.3sg.PRES’, literally ‘At me is a horse’ is the way to encode ‘I have a horse.’ The prepositional affix <i>-dur</i> is also used in the language to indicate location. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Stassen, Leon. 2008. Predicative Possession.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 117. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/117â€> http://wals.info/feature/117</a href>. 	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-16', '2008-08-16 14:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(282, 'PP Noun (neutral)', 'Nouns modified by a prepositional phrase (PP) follow such a phrase in the unmarked case. That is, this order is permissible with in stylistically neutral contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(283, 'Politeness Distinction in Pronouns (Binary)', 'The 2nd person pronouns of a language express a two-way politeness distinction towards addressees, either familiar or honorific.  In French, a speaker may use <i>tu</i> ''you.SG.FAM'' for a casual address or <i>vous</i> ''you.HON'' for more formal situations.  \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHelmbrecht, Johannes. 2008. Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 45. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/45">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/45</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(284, 'Predicative Possession (Existential – Genitive)', '\r\nPredicative possession refers to indefinite, alienable possession. Sentences like <i>This bike is John’s</i> or <i>I have two eyes</i> are thus excluded.<br><br>\r\n\r\nThe language encodes this with an existential expression which takes the possessor as the object of an oblique genitive marker. Stassen (2008) provides an example from Avar, where <i>dir mašina b-ugo</i> ‘1sg.GEN car III-be.PRES’, literally something like ‘My car is’, is the way to encode ‘I have a car.’ \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Stassen, Leon. 2008. Predicative Possession.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 117. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/117â€> http://wals.info/feature/117</a href>. 	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-16', '2008-08-16 14:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(285, 'Politeness Distinction in Pronouns (multiple)', 'The 2nd person pronouns of a language distinguish multiple degrees of politeness towards an addressee.  For instance, Marathi uses <i>tu</i> to address family members and close friends, <i>te</i> or <i>he</i> ''you.SG.HON'' for individuals of higher status, and <i>Äpan</i> ''you.SG.HON'' for teachers, priests, and very formal situations.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHelmbrecht, Johannes. 2008. Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 45.Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/45">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/45</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(286, 'Predicative Possession (Existential – Topic)', '\r\nPredicative possession refers to indefinite, alienable possession. Sentences like <i>This bike is John’s</i> or <i>I have two eyes</i> are thus excluded.<br><br>\r\n\r\nThe language encodes this with an existential expression which takes the possessor as a topicalized argument with respect to the existential proposition. Stassen (2008) provides an example from Tondano, where the possessor preceeds the topic marker <i>si</i>, as in <i><u>si tuama</u> <b>si</b> wewean wale rua</i> ‘<u>ANIM.SG man</u> <b>TOP</b> exist house two.’ This is literally glossed as something like ‘As for the man, there are two houses,’ but means ‘The man has two houses.’ \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Stassen, Leon. 2008. Predicative Possession.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 117. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/117â€> http://wals.info/feature/117</a href>. 	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-16', '2008-08-16 14:14:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(287, 'PP Verb Object (neutral)   ', 'The word order PP Verb Object is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 13:38:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(288, 'Politeness Distinction in Pronouns (Avoidance)', 'In some languages, a speaker demonstrates politeness towards an addressee by completely avoiding the usage of 2nd person pronouns.  Formal titles and expressions are employed instead.  This occurs most commonly in East and Southeast Asian languages. [EXAMPLE] \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nHelmbrecht, Johannes. 2008. Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 45. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/45">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/45</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(289, 'Predicative Possession (Conjunctional)', '\r\nPredicative possession refers to indefinite, alienable possession. Sentences like <i>This bike is John’s</i> or <i>I have two eyes</i> are thus excluded.<br><br>\r\n\r\nThe language encodes this with a conjunction, such as <i>and</i>, within an existential expression. According to Stassen (2008), this is often the case in languages where the conjuction ‘and’ is the same word as the preposition ‘with’ or additive marker ‘too’. An example provided by Stassen comes from Sango, where <i>lo eke <b>na</b> bongo</i> ‘3sg be <b>and/with</b> garment’ for ‘She has a garment’. This could be considered literally paraphraseable as something like ‘She and a garment exist’ or ‘She with a garment exists.’ \r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Stassen, Leon. 2008. Predicative Possession.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 117. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/117â€> http://wals.info/feature/117</a href>. 	\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-16', '2008-08-16 14:14:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(290, 'PP Object Verb (neutral)   ', 'The word order PP Object Verb is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 13:37:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(291, 'Possessive Classes (exist)', 'Possessive morphology differs depending on the lexical class of the possessed noun. For example, Noun Class A will take Possessive Affix A while Noun Class B will take Possessive Affix B. \r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from Nez Perce, which has three noun classes: two for kinship terms and one for other nouns. The NP <i><b>na''–</b>tóot</i> ''<b>1sg-</b>father'' for ''My father'' illustrates the first kinship possessive class, and the NP <i><b>''in''m-</b>é:ks</i> ''<b>1sg-</b>man''s.sister'' for ''My sister'' illustrates the second kinship possessive class. Finally, the NP <i><b>''íi-</b>nim titóoqan</i> ''<b>1sg-GEN</b>.people'' for ''My people'' illustrates the form for the rest (Nichols & Bickel 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nNichols, Johanna & Bickel, Balthasar. 2008. Possessive Classification.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 59.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/59"> http://wals.info/feature/59</a href>.\r\n\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-11', '2008-07-11 20:56:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(292, 'Pronominal Gender (Exist)', 'A language has some degree of gender distinction among its independent personal pronouns.  Generally, male referents take masculine pronouns and female referents take feminine ones, while inanimates and other beings may be classed as neuter, grouped with either the male or female, or arbitrarily split between the genders.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nSiewierska, Anna. 2008. Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 44. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/44">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/44</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(295, 'Pronominal Gender (3SG)', 'The independent personal pronouns of a language have gender exclusively in 3SG. In English, the only gender distinct pronouns are <i>he</i> ''3SG.masc'' and <i>she</i> ''3SG.fem.''\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nSiewierska, Anna. 2008. Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 44. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/44">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/44</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(296, 'Pronominal Gender (1 or 2, not 3)', 'A language has gender distinction in 1st or 2nd person independent pronouns only, not in 3rd person.  For example, Iraqw shows gender only in the 2SG, in both long and short variations: <i>kúung</i> ''2SG.masc.long,'' <i>kú</i> ''2SG.masc.short,'' <i>kíing</i> ''2SG.fem.long,'' and <i>ki</i> ''2SG.fem.short.''\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nSiewierska, Anna. 2008. Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 44. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/44">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/44</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(297, 'Pronominal Gender (3PL)', 'The independent personal pronouns of a language display gender only in the 3rd person plural.  This includes languages like Dagaare, which demonstrates a human/non-human distinction only in 3PL.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nSiewierska, Anna. 2008. Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 44. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/44">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/44</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(298, 'Person Marking on Adpositions (Pronominal)', 'The adpositions of a language may take person marking only when their object is pronominal.  The person marking must distinguish between at least two persons and must be affixal, not clitic.  This property only applies to languages with adpositions (post- and prepositions).  Consider the following Paamese example:\r\n\r\n<br><br>a) <i>Mail Ham sÄn lēta <b>min-nau</b> ranaut Vīla.</i> ''Mail Ham 3SG.send letter <b>to.1SG</b> from.place Vila'' for "Mail Ham sent me a letter from Vila" \r\n\r\n<br>v) <i>Kai selūs <b>min</b> tÄta ven mane onak.</i> ''3SG 3SG.speak <b>to</b> father about money POSS.1SG'' for "He spoke to father about my money."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBakker, Dik. 2008. Person Marking on Adpositions.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 48. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/48">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/48</a href>.', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-06', '2008-08-06 16:09:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(300, 'Prohibitive (Non-imperative verb form and Sentential Neg)', 'The <b>prohibitive</b> is a negative imperative, as in English <i>Don''t do that!</i> <br><br>A ‘yes’ value indicates that the language in question forms prohibitives by adding sentential negation to a form of the verb which is <b>not</b> used for the imperative. Spanish is such a language, since it uses sentential negation <i>no</i>, but instead of the imperative form, as in <i>canta!</i> ‘sing!’ it uses a subjunctive 2sg form, as in <i>No cantes</i> ‘not sing.SBJV.PRES.2sg’ (van der Auwera et al. 2008). \r\n<br><br>Some languages have more than one prohibitive strategy. In such cases, languages are marked ‘yes’ for each prohibitive strategy used. For example, Icelandic can form the prohibitive by adding sentential negation <i>ekki</i> ‘not’ to the imperative, as in <i>far-ðu ekki</i> ‘go.STEM-2sg.CL not’ for ‘Do not go!’ In addition, Icelandic can form the prohibitive by adding sentential negation to the infinitive form of the verb, as in <i>Ekki fara!</i> ‘not go.INF’. In the latter strategy, sentential negation is added to a non-imperative verb form (i.e. the infinitive), so Icelandic would be valued ‘yes’ for this property. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\n\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan, Ludo Lejeune & Valentin Goussev. 2008. The Prohibitive.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 73.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/73â€> http://wals.info/feature/73</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-19', '2008-12-19 12:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(301, 'Person/Number Marking (Syncretic)', 'The form of the finite verb has no person or number agreement distinctions. For example, in Swedish, the finite form of the verb is the same for all of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person in the plural and plural. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 12:14:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(302, 'Present progressive interpreted as future', 'The presence of a morphologically present progressive verb form to convey a future interpretation. In English, the present progressive can be interpreted as future tense: "I am leaving tomorrow."', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 11:46:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(303, 'PP Noun (possible) ', 'The word order PP Noun is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(304, 'Pronominal Subjects (Expressed as Affixes)', '\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that pronominal subjects are expressed as affixes attached to the verb. An example of this comes from Hakha Lai, where the 3sg pronoun is expressed as a prefix <i>a-</i>, as in <i>a-kal-tsang</i> ‘3sg.SUBJ-go-PERF’ for ‘he has gone’ (Dryer 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Dryer, Matthew S. 2008. Expression of Pronominal Subjects. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 101. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/101">http://wals.info/feature/101</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 12:48:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(305, 'Prohibitive (Imperative verb form and Non-Sentential Neg)', 'The <b>prohibitive</b> is a negative imperative, as in English <i>Don''t do that!</i> \r\n\r\n<br><br>A ‘yes’ value indicates that the language in question forms prohibitives by adding a special, non-sentential negation morpheme to a form of the verb which is used for the imperative. Vietnamese is such a language. For example, the imperative <i>Uông ruou!</i> ‘drink alcohol’ is negated with the special negation form <b><i>chó</i></b>, as in <i><b>Chó </b>uông ruou!</i> ‘Don’t drink alcohol’. This is in contrast to sentential negation, which is marked with <b><i>không</i></b>, as in <i><b>không</b> uông ruou</i>, ‘You are not drinking alchohol’ (van der Auwera et al. 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br>Some languages have more than one prohibitive strategy. In such cases, languages are marked ‘yes’ for each prohibitive strategy used. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\n\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan, Ludo Lejeune & Valentin Goussev. 2008. The Prohibitive.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 73.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/73â€> http://wals.info/feature/73</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-19', '2008-12-19 12:19:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(306, 'PP Object Verb (possible)', 'The word order PP Object Verb  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br>For example, the following Russian sentence is possible, but only with contrastive focus on both the PP <i>v kletku</i> ''in cage'' and <i>pauki</i>  ''spiders'' (Olga Istomina p.c.). \r\n\r\n<i><br><br>Maria v kletku pauki polozhela</i>\r\n<br>Mary in cage spiders put\r\n<br>''Mary put spiders in the cage.'' ', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:15:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(307, 'Pronominal Subjects (Expressed as Clitics)', '\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that pronominal subjects are expressed as clitics, which can have variable hosts (Dryer 2008). An example is Chemehuevi, where the 1sg subject is expressed by a clitic <i>=n</i> which attaches to the right of the first word in the sentence, as in <i>puusi-a=n maga-vi</i> ‘cat-OBJ=1sg.SUBJ give-PST’ for ‘I gave a cat’ (Dryer 2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Dryer, Matthew S. 2008. Expression of Pronominal Subjects. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 101. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/101">http://wals.info/feature/101</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 12:49:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(308, 'Prohibitive (Non-imperative verb form and Non-sentential Neg)', 'The <b>prohibitive</b> is a negative imperative, as in English <i>Don''t do that!</i> \r\n\r\n<br><br>A ‘yes’ value indicates that the language in question forms prohibitives by adding a special, non-sentential negation morpheme to a form of the verb which is <b>not</b> used for the imperative. <br><br>Zulu is such a language. For example, an example of an imperative <i>Shay-a inja</i> ‘hit-imp.2sg dog’ for ‘hit the dog!’ The prohibitive, however, attaches the agreement suffix to a special negation marker <i>mus-</i> followed by the infinitive form of the verb, as in <i><b>mus-a</b> uku-shay-a inja</i> ‘NEG.IMP.AUX-2sg INF.hit.INF dog’ for ‘Don’t hit the dog!’ In contrast, the indicative negative is indicated with the prefix <i>a-</i> and suffix <i>-i</i>, as in <i><b>A-</b>wu-shay<b>-i</b> inja</i> ‘NEG.IND.PRES-2sg-hit-NEG.IND.PRES dog’ for ‘You do not hit the dog’ (van der Auwera et al. 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br>Some languages have more than one prohibitive strategy. In such cases, languages are marked ‘yes’ for each prohibitive strategy used. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\n\r\nvan der Auwera, Johan, Ludo Lejeune & Valentin Goussev. 2008. The Prohibitive.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 73.\r\nAvailable online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/73â€> http://wals.info/feature/73</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-19', '2008-12-19 12:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(309, 'PP Verb Object (possible) ', 'The word order PP Verb Object  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br> For example, the following Russian sentence is possible, but only with contrastive focus on either the PP <i>v kletku</i> ''in cage'' or the object <i>pauki</i> ''spiders''. \r\n\r\n<br><br>Maria v kletku polozhela pauki \r\n<br>Mary in cage put spiders\r\n<br>''Mary put spiders in the cage.'' ', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:16:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(310, 'Pronominal/Adnominal Demostratives (Same)', 'A language uses the same forms for both pronominal demonstratives, which replace noun phrases, and adnominal noun phrases, which accompany referent nouns.  In the English constructions "I love <i>this</i>" and "<i>This</i> shoe doesn''t fit," the same form of the demonstrative <i>this</i> acts first as a pronominal, then as an adnominal.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDiessel, Holger. 2008. Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 42. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/42">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/42</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-31', '2008-07-31 17:18:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(311, 'Person/Number Marking (Syncretic in Past Tense)', 'The form of the finite verb has no person or number agreement distinctions in the past tense. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(312, 'Pronominal Subjects (Obligatory – in Non-subject Postion)', '\r\n\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that pronominal subjects must be expressed, but they are expressed in a different syntactic position from the one where full NP subjects are expressed. An example of this is Longgu, where the pronominal subject in a sentence like <i>e zudu</i> ‘3sg sit’ for ‘s/he is sitting’ can be shown to occupy a position distinct from full NP subjects, since it can co-occur with them, as in <i>mwela-geni e vusi angi</i> ‘child-woman 3sg almost cry’ for ‘the girl is almost crying’ (Dryer 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Dryer, Matthew S. 2008. Expression of Pronominal Subjects. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 101. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/101">http://wals.info/feature/101</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 12:50:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(313, 'Purpose Clauses - Dependent Mood (exist)', '\r\nA ''yes'' value indicates that the language has dependent mood marking for purpose clauses. This is when a dedicated mood suffix marks a clause''s role as the ''purpose'', but otherwise the clause is just like an ordinary finite clause. An example is the Italian subjunctive, which marks verbs in reason clauses, as in <i>Glie-lo scriv-e [affinché se ne accorg<b>-a</b>]</i> ''to.him/her-it write-3sg.IND in.order.for REFL of.it realize-3sg.SBJV'' for ''S/he writes that to him/her in order for him/her to realize that'' (Cristofaro 2008).\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCristofaro, Sonia. 2008. Purpose Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 125. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/125â€> http://wals.info/feature/125</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-19', '2008-10-19 14:36:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(314, 'Pronominal/Adnominal Demonstratives (Different Stems)', 'A language''s pronominal demonstratives, which replace noun phrases, have different stems than adnominal demonstratives, which accompany referent nouns.  For instance, the French demonstratives <i>celui</i> and <i>celle</i> act pronominally, while <i>ce</i> and <i>cette</i> appear with nouns.  Consider the sentence <i>Donne-moi <b>ce</b> livre-là et garde <b>celui</b>-ci pour toi</i> ''give-me <b>this</b> book-there and keep <b>this</b>.one-here for you," which translates as "Give me that book and keep this one for you."\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDiessel, Holger. 2008. Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 42. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/42">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/42</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-31', '2008-07-31 17:27:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(315, 'Pronominal Subjects (Obligatory – in Subject Position)', '\r\nA ‘yes’ value to this property indicates that pronominal subjects must be expressed, and further that they must be expressed in the same ‘subject’ position as full NPs. An example of this is English, where a pronoun such as <i>he</i> is obligatory and appears in the same syntactic position as a full NP such as <i>the boy</i>. See Dryer (2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Dryer, Matthew S. 2008. Expression of Pronominal Subjects. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 101. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/101">http://wals.info/feature/101</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-09', '2008-08-09 12:50:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(316, 'Predicative Adjectives - Verbal (exist)', 'Languages like English have no Verbal Predicative Adjectives, and would thus be valued ''No'' for this property. Instead, Predicative Adjectives in English must be supported by a copula <i>be</i> as in <i>John <b>is</b> tall</i>.<br><br>In languages like Bororo, however, predicative adjectives behave exactly like verbal predicates: they take finite inflection and agree with the subject in person and number. The following example illustrates. The sentence ''I speak/spoke'' is <i>i-mago-re</i> ''1sg-speak-NEUTRAL''. This is identical to ''I am tall'' which is <i>i-kure-re</i> ''1sg-tall-NEUTRAL'' (Stassen 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nStassen, Leon. 2008. Predicative Adjectives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 118.\r\nAvailable online at <A href="http://wals.info/feature/118">http://wals.info/feature/118</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-16', '2008-08-16 13:04:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(317, 'Purpose Clauses - Non-finite (exist) ', '\r\nA ''yes'' value indicates that the language has non-finite purpose clauses. English purpose infinitives are an example, as in <i>I went downtown [to buy books]</i> (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCristofaro, Sonia. 2008. Purpose Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 125. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/125â€> http://wals.info/feature/125</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-19', '2008-10-19 14:36:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(318, 'Pronominal/Adnominal Demonstratives (Different Inflection)', 'A language''s pronominal demonstratives, which replace noun phrases, have different inflectional features than its adnominal demonstratives, which accompany referent nouns.  In Turkish, the proximal demonstrative stem <i>bu</i> appears in both pronominal and adnominal usages, but with different inflections:\r\n\r\n<br><br>a) <i>Ali <b>bun-u</b> unut-amı-yor</i> ''Ali <b>this</b>-ACC forget-cannot-PROG'' for "Ali is unable to forget <b>this</b>."\r\n<br>b) <i><b>bu</b> gazete yi</i> ''<b>this</b> newspaper-ACC'' for "<b>this</b> newspaper".\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDiessel, Holger. 2008. Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 42.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/42">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/42</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-31', '2008-07-31 17:43:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(319, 'Predicative Adjectives - Copular (exist)', 'In languages like English, predicative adjectives are supported by the copula (or other verb), as in <i>John <b>is</b> tall</i>.<br><br>\r\nA ''yes'' value for this property indicates that predicative adjectives can be supported by a copula, regardless of whether Verbal Predicative Adjectives are also possible\r\n(Stassen 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nStassen, Leon. 2008. Predicative Adjectives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 118.\r\nAvailable online at <A href="http://wals.info/feature/118">http://wals.info/feature/118</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-16', '2008-08-16 13:13:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(320, 'Question Particle in 1st Position (neutral)', 'In the unmarked case, within stylistically unmarked contexts and with no focus on any constituent, the question particle used to elicit yes-no answers occurs at the beginning of the clause.  One example from English is "Did Susie skip class?"\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Position of Polar Question Particles. In Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 92. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/92">http://wals.info/feature/92</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 20:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00', '2009-01-19 15:20:00'),
(321, 'Reason  Clauses - Same as Finite (exist) ', '\r\nA ''yes'' value indicates that the language has reason clauses which are grammatically identical to independent finite clauses. Such clauses may be introduced by a ''reason'' conjunction, as in English <i>He sleeps <b>because</b> he''s tired</i>, a complex conjunction, as in Icelandic <i>af því að</i> ''because (lit. of it that; Sigurðsson 1981), a clitic marker as in Trumai <i>kawao-k iki-n<b>-ak</b></i> ''wasp-ERG sting-3ABS<b>-because</b>'' (Cristofaro 2008), or no overt marker at all, as in Canela-Kraho (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nCristofaro, Sonia. 2008. Reason Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 127. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/127â€> http://wals.info/feature/127</a href>. \r\n<br> Sigurðsson, Halldór Ãrmann. 1981. Fleiryrtar aukatengingar? <i>Ãslenskt mál og almenn málfræði</i> 3:59-76.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-19', '2008-10-19 14:47:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(322, 'Sex-based Gender - Pronouns (exist)', 'Nominal gender is based on sex, such as masculine/feminine, such that words like <i>man</i> are masculine, as in Italian <i>uom-o</i> ‘man’ with masculine –o ending, and words like <i>woman</i> are feminine, as in Italian <i>donn-a</i> ‘woman’ with feminine –a ending. This property applies to pronouns.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCorbett, Greville G. 2008. Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 31.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/31">http://wals.info/feature/31</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-11-28.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-11-28', '2008-11-28 00:38:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(323, 'Subject Object Verb (possible)', 'The order Subject Object Verb is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus of one of the constituents.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 17:18:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(324, 'Utterance Complements – Ordinary Finite Clause', '\r\nAn utterance complement is a complement clause which attributes an utterance to some speaker. In many languages, the class of introducing verbs include <i>say, tell,</i> and the like (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br>A ´yes´ value for this property indicates that the complement clause itself is simply an ordinary finite clause. That is, it could be pronounced independently of an introducing clause. \r\n\r\n<br><br>An example is English. In the sentence <i>John said [ he will go ]</i> , the utterance complement <i>he will go</i> could be an independent sentence without any change. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Many languages have several strategies for introducing utterance complements. For these languages, each property should be valued ´yes´ independent of the other properties. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nCristofaro, Sonia. 2008. Utterance Complement Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 128. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/128â€> http://wals.info/feature/128</a href>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-09-13', '2008-09-13 11:58:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(325, 'Verb Object Adverb (neutral)   ', 'An <u>adverb</u> in this case refers to adverbs with sentential scope, as in English <i>probably</i>. The word order Verb Object Adverb is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. An example is English <i>John will kick the ball often</i>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(326, 'Yes-No Question clitic (exist)', 'A <i>yes-no</i> question is a question that can be answered by either <i>yes</i> or <i>no</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br>A ''yes'' value indicates that the language has a clitic used to indicate that the sentence is a <i>yes-no</i> question. That is, the clitic must attach to some host but what it attaches to is variable. For example, in Fyem, the question clitic <i>=a</i> attaches to the last word of the sentence, as in <i>taa won aré=n<b>=a</b></i> ‘3sg.PEF wash clothes=DEF=Q’ for ‘Did she wash the clothes?’ (Dryer 2008).  \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Glossing convention:</b> Yes-No question clitics will be glossed =Q. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Dryer, Matthew S. 2008. Polar Questions.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al., chapter 116. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/116â€> http://wals.info/feature/116</a href>.	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-17', '2008-08-17 10:39:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(327, 'Relative_Clause Noun (neutral)', 'Relative clauses, <i>the man <b>who I saw</b></i>, are clauses which modify a noun. In some languages relative clauses precede the noun they modify. Japanese is an example, as in <i>uma-ga ketta robai-ga sinda</i> ‘horse-nom kicked mule-nom died’ for ‘the horse that the mule kicked died’ (Ishizuka 2005). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nIshizuka, Tomoko. 2005. Processing relative clauses in Japanese. <i>UCLA Working Papers in Linguistics 13</i> (2):135-157.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 10:24:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(328, 'Sex-based Gender - Full NPs (exist) ', 'Nominal gender is based on sex, such as masculine/feminine, such that words like <i>man</i> are masculine, as in Italian <i>uom-o</i> ‘man’ with masculine –o ending, and words like <i>woman</i> are feminine, as in Italian <i>donn-a</i> ‘woman’ with feminine –a ending. This property applies to full NPs.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCorbett, Greville G. 2008. Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 31.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/31">http://wals.info/feature/31</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-17.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-17', '2008-07-17 21:53:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(329, 'Utterance Complements – Switch Reference', 'An utterance complement is a complement clause which attributes an utterance to some speaker. In many languages, the class of introducing verbs include <i>say, tell,</i> and the like (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br>A language will be said to have <b>switch reference</b> utterance complements if there exists a construction where the point of view changes between the introducing clause and the complement clause. An example is the English sentence <i><b>John</b> said, ´´<b>I</b> will go</i>,´´ where <i>John</i> and <i>I</i> refer to the same person. In the complement clause, the point of view is understood relative to the introducing clause, rather than the present speaker of the sentence. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Many languages have several strategies for introducing utterance complements. For these languages, each property should be valued ´yes´ independent of the other properties. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nCristofaro, Sonia. 2008. Utterance Complement Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 128. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/128â€> http://wals.info/feature/128</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-09-13', '2008-09-13 11:59:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(330, 'Verb Adverb Object (neutral)   ', 'An <u>adverb</u> in this case refers to adverbs with sentential scope, as in English <i>probably</i>. The word order Verb Adverb Object is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. An example is Icelandic <i>Hann sparkar oft í boltann</i> ''he kicks often in ball.the'' for ''he kicks the ball often''.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(331, 'Verb Object Subject (Possible)', 'The order Verb Object Subject is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus of one of the constituents.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 17:23:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(332, 'Yes-No Question Verbal Morphology (exist)', '\r\nA <i>yes-no</i> question is a question that can be answered by either <i>yes</i> or <i>no</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br>A ''yes'' value indicates that the language has special verbal morphology to indicate that the sentence is a <i>yes-no</i> question. For example, in Tunica, the verbal morpheme <i>-n</i> indicates that the sentence is a <i>yes-no</i> question, as in <i>lo’ta wi-wa’na-<b>n</b></i> ‘run 2sg-want-Q’ for ‘Do you want to run?’ (Dryer 2008).  \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Glossing convention:</b> Yes-No question morphemes will be glossed Q. \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Dryer, Matthew S. 2008. Polar Questions.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al., chapter 116. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/116â€> http://wals.info/feature/116</a href>.	\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-17', '2008-08-17 10:46:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(333, 'Utterance Complements – Same Reference', 'An utterance complement is a complement clause which attributes an utterance to some speaker. In many languages, the class of introducing verbs include <i>say, tell,</i> and the like (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br>A language will be said to have <b>same reference</b> utterance complements if there exists a construction where the point of view does not change between the introducing clause and the complement clause. An example is the English sentence <i><b>John</b> said <b>he</b> will go</i>, where <i>John</i> and <i>he</i> refer to the same person. In both the introducing clause and the utterance complement, <i>John</i> is third-person with respect to the speaker. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Many languages have several strategies for introducing utterance complements. For these languages, each property should be valued ´yes´ independent of the other properties. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nCristofaro, Sonia. 2008. Utterance Complement Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 128. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/128â€> http://wals.info/feature/128</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-09-13', '2008-09-13 12:00:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(334, 'Verbal Nouns (exist)', 'The language has a productive strategy for creating nouns from verbs. <br><br>For example, in English, <i>John kisses the puppies</i> can be made into a noun phrase by adding <i>-ing</i> to <i>kiss</i>, as in <i>John’s kissing (of) the puppies</i> (Chomsky 1970, Koptjevskaja-Tamm 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nChomsky, Noam. 1970. Remarks on Nominalization. In <i>Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar, </i> 11-61. The Hague: Mouton.\r\n<br>Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria. 2008. Action Nominal Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 62.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/62">http://wals.info/feature/62</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-20', '2008-07-20 16:12:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(335, 'Yes-No Question Word Order Change (exist)', '\r\nA <i>yes-no</i> question is a question that can be answered by either <i>yes</i> or <i>no</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br>A ''yes'' value indicates that the language changes word order to indicate that the sentence is a <i>yes-no</i> question. English is an example, where an auxiliary moves to the front of the sentence to indicate a question, as in <i>Will you run?</i> versus <i>You will run</i>. See Dryer (2008) for discussion.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Dryer, Matthew S. 2008. Polar Questions.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al., chapter 116. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/116â€> http://wals.info/feature/116</a href>.	\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-17', '2008-08-17 10:56:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(336, 'Relative_Clause Noun (possible) ', 'The word order Relative_Clause Noun is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:16:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(337, 'Serial Verb Constructions (exist)', 'A serial verb construction is a succession of verbs and their complements (if any) with one subject and one tense value that are not separated by any overt marker of coordination or subordination\r\n(Collins 1997).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCollins, Chris. 1997. <i>Local Economy.</i> Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:18:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(338, 'Verbal Nouns with Clausal Case Marking (exist)', 'Verbs productively to correspond to nouns, as in English “John’s kissing (of) the puppies,â€ and dependant case marking is the same as in clauses. ', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-20', '2008-07-20 17:52:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(339, 'Rich subject-verb agreement', 'A language has "rich" subject-verb agreement if it has at least six distinct forms for its finite verbs in declarative non-negative clauses, one for each of the following: 1sg, 2sg, 3sg, 1pl, 2pl, 3pl.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:19:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(340, 'Simple_Adjective Noun (possible) ', 'The word order Simple_Adjective Noun is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:16:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(341, 'Sporadic Advancement Constructions (exist)', 'A construction exists where what is normally a non-argument can become the subject of the sentence, as in English, where <i>One can buy this porcupine for ten dollars</i> corresponds to <i>Ten dollars buys this porcupine</i> (Marantz 1984:145). <br><br>Years can also ‘sporadically advance’ such as in the sentence <i>1979 found the country at the brink of economic disaster</i>. The construction is called <i>sporadic</i> because which verbs allow this kind of construction seems lexically idiosyncratic. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nMarantz, Alec. 1984. <i>On the Nature of Grammatical Relations</i>. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(342, 'Tense and Aspect marked with prefixes', 'Tense and/or aspect markers are prefixes. Note that this says nothing about what kinds of Tense/Aspect distinctions are marked in the language in question, just that they are marked as prefixes. ', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(343, 'Verbal Nouns (possessive case marking)', 'The language has a productive strategy for creating nouns from verbs and <b>all arguments of the deverbal noun are in a possessive case</b>.\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\nFor example, in English, <i>John kisses the puppies</i> can be made into a noun phrase by adding <i>-ing</i> to <i>kiss</i>, as in <i>John’s kissing of the puppies</i>, and both the subject (<i>John</i>) and the object (<i>the puppies</i>) can take a possessive case (<i>-s</i> and <i>of</i>, respectively) (Chomsky 1970, Koptjevskaja-Tamm 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nChomsky, Noam. 1970. Remarks on Nominalization. In <i>Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar, </i> 11-61. The Hague: Mouton.\r\n<br>Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria. 2008. Action Nominal Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 62.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/62">http://wals.info/feature/62</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-20', '2008-07-20 16:29:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53');
INSERT INTO `unapproved_properties` (`id`, `property`, `description`, `author`, `date`, `time`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES
(344, 'Reciprocals (Verb Reduplication)', '\r\n\r\nThe language indicates reciprocals by reduplicating the verb. Godié is an example of such a language, as in <i> wa wà-wà</i> ‘they love-love’ for ‘they love each other’ (Maslova & Nedjalkov 2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Maslova, Elena and Vladimir P. Nedjalkov. 2008. Reciprocal Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 106. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/106">http://wals.info/feature/106</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-12', '2008-08-12 19:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(345, 'Subject Verb Object (possible) ', 'The word order Subject Verb Object is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:17:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(346, 'Tense and Aspect marked with suffixes', 'Tense and/or aspect markers are suffixes. Note that this says nothing about what kinds of Tense/Aspect distinctions are marked in the language in question, just that they are marked as suffixes. ', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(347, 'Reciprocals (Same as Reflexive)', 'The language indicates reciprocals with same marker as that used for reflexives. The two forms need not have the same syntax.<br><br> West Greenlandic is an example, where the prefix <i>immi-</i> is a reflexive or reciprocal marker, as in <i><b>immi-</b>ssin-nut tuqun-niar-pusi</i> ‘<b>REFL/RECP-</b>2pl-ALL kill-FUT-2pl.IND’ for ‘You are going to kill each other/yourselves’ (Maslova & Nedjalkov 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Maslova, Elena and Vladimir P. Nedjalkov. 2008. Reciprocal Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 106. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/106">http://wals.info/feature/106</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-12', '2008-08-12 19:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(348, 'Reduplication', 'Morphology is marked by copying part or all of another segment in a word. For example, in Pangasinan (Rubino 2008), the word for <i>man</i> is <i>too</i> and the word for <i>people</i> is <i>totoo</i>. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nRubino, Carl. 2008. Reduplication.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 27.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/27">http://wals.info/feature/27</a href>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 10:25:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(349, 'Tense and Aspect marked with tone', 'Tense and/or aspect markers marked with contrastive tone. Note that this says nothing about what kinds of Tense/Aspect distinctions are marked in the language in question, just that they are marked as tone. ', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(350, 'Verb Object PP (neutral)   ', 'The word order Verb Object PP is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br>An example is English <i>put the ball on the towel</i>. \r\n\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-13', '2008-07-13 14:52:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(351, 'Verb Object PP (possible) ', 'The word order Verb Object PP  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:17:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(352, 'Verb Subject Object (possible)', 'The order Verb Subject Object is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus of one of the constituents. For example, in Shupamem V-S-O is found only when the subject is focused.\r\n', 'txuss', '2008-05-06', '2008-05-06 15:23:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(353, 'Weak object pronouns follow finite verb', 'A weak pronoun is an unstressed pronoun that in some languages is opposed syntactically, morphologically and semantically to a strong pronoun. Romance clitics are weak.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-05-04', '2008-05-04 15:33:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(354, 'Wh-words at Beginning', 'Wh-words occur in the beginning of a clause, such as English <i>Who did he see?</i>', 'Arthur Wang', '2008-06-02', '2008-06-02 18:21:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(355, 'When Clauses - Dependent Mood (exist) ', 'A ''yes'' value indicates that the language has dependent mood marking for when clauses. This is when a dedicated mood suffix marks a clause''s role as the ''when'' clause, but otherwise the clause is just like an ordinary finite clause. An example is Abkhaz, where all the distinctions of an ordinary finite clause are made, but they are made with special ''dependent mood'' suffixes. For example, the independent marker for aorist is <i>yt''</i>, while the dependent marker for aorist is zero (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Cristofaro, Sonia. 2008. When Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 126. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/126â€> http://wals.info/feature/126</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-19', '2008-10-19 14:38:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(356, 'Reciprocals (Affix)', '\r\nThe language indicates reciprocals with an affix. Lithuanian is an example, where the suffix <i>-si</i> indicates reciprocality, as in <i>Petr-as ir On-a buèiuoja<b>-si</b></i> ‘Peter-NOM and Ann-NOM kiss<b>-RECP</b>’ for ‘Peter and Ann kiss each other’ (Maslova & Nedjalkov 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Maslova, Elena and Vladimir P. Nedjalkov. 2008. Reciprocal Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 106. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/106">http://wals.info/feature/106</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-12', '2008-08-12 19:23:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(357, 'Simple_Adjective Noun (neutral)', 'Simple_Adjective means an adjective that is unmodified and with no complement. For example,\r\n"proud of John" is not a simple adjective. <br>In English,\r\nsimple attributive adjectives precede the noun\r\nthey modify, as in <i>red book</i>.', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(358, 'Subject Verb Object (neutral)', 'The word order Subject Verb Object is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Subject, Object and Verb. In Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 81. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/81">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/81</a href>. Accessed on 2008-07-12.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 01:39:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(359, 'Verb PP Object (neutral)   ', 'The word order Verb PP Object is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-29', '2008-12-29 13:43:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(360, 'Verb PP Object (possible)', 'The word order Verb PP Object  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br>A <u>prepositional phrase</u> (PP) in this case refers to an obligatory argumental PP of a ditransitive verb such as English <i>put</i>.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:18:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(361, 'When Clauses - Non-finite (exist) ', '\r\nA ''yes'' value indicates that the language has non-finite when clauses. An example is the gerund in English <i>When writing, I try to stay awake</i>. These may or may not be introduced by an overt conjunction such as <i>when</i> (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Cristofaro, Sonia. 2008. When Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 126. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/126â€> http://wals.info/feature/126</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-19', '2008-10-19 14:38:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(362, 'Question Particle in Final Position (neutral)', 'In the unmarked case, within stylistically unmarked contexts and with no focus on any particular constituent, the question particle used to elicit yes-no answers occurs at the end of the clause.  One example is the Hatam question <i>a-yai bi-dani mem di-ngat i</i> ''2sg-get to-me for 1sg-see Q'' meaning "Would you give it to me so that I can see it?" \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Position of Polar Question Particles. In Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 92.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/92">http://wals.info/feature/92</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-14', '2008-07-14 20:01:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(363, 'Reciprocals (Separate Word)', '\r\n\r\nThe language indicates reciprocals with a separate word or words. English is an example, where the words <i>each other</i> or <i>one another</i> indicate reciprocals. See Maslova & Nedjalkov (2008).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Maslova, Elena and Vladimir P. Nedjalkov. 2008. Reciprocal Constructions. In Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 106. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/106">http://wals.info/feature/106</a href>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-08-12', '2008-08-12 19:23:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(364, 'Subject Object Verb (neutral)', 'The word order Subject Object Verb is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. \r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from Russian, where Subject Verb Object would also be unmarked (Olga Istomina p.c.):\r\n\r\n<br><br><i>Maria kofe pjot’ </i>\r\n<br>Mary coffee drinks\r\n<br>''Mary drinks coffee''\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Subject, Object and Verb. In Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 81. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/81">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/81</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-12.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 01:36:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(365, 'Verb Adverb Object (possible) ', 'The word order Verb Adverb Object  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:18:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(366, 'Verb Object (neutral)', 'The word order Verb Object is allowed in the unmarked case,  that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents. An example is English <i>play the guitar</i>.\r\n', 'Jim Wood', NULL, NULL, '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(367, 'Verb Object Subject (neutral)', 'The word order Verb Object Subject is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Subject, Object and Verb.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 81.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/81">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/81</a href>.\r\nAccessed on 2008-07-12.', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 01:40:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(368, 'When Clauses - Same as Finite (exist) ', 'A ''yes'' value indicates that the language has when clauses which are grammatically identical to independent finite clauses. Such clauses may be introduced by a temporal conjunction, as in English <i>He sleeps <b>when</b> he''s tired</i>, a clitic marker as in Basque <i>Etxe-ra irits-i n-in-tz<b>-enean</b></i> ''house-ALL.SG arrive-PERF 1sg.ABS-PST-AUX<b>-when</b>'' for ''when I arrived home...'' (Cristofaro 2008), or no overt marker at all, as in Canela-Kraho (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>Cristofaro, Sonia. 2008. When Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 126. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/126â€> http://wals.info/feature/126</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-19', '2008-10-19 14:44:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(369, 'Question Particle in 2nd Position (neutral)', 'In the unmarked case, within stylistically unmarked contexts and with no focus on any particular constituent, the question particle used to elicit yes-no answers occurs in the second position. [EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Position of Polar Question Particles. In Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 92.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/92">http://wals.info/feature/92</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 12:07:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(370, 'Reason Clauses - Dependent Mood (exist) ', 'A ''yes'' value indicates that the language has dependent mood marking for reason clauses. This is when a dedicated mood suffix marks a clause''s role as the ''reason'', but otherwise the clause is just like an ordinary finite clause. An example is West Greenlandic, where the causative mood suffix <i>-mmat</i> serves this function, as in <i>anurli-ssa<b>-mmat</b> aalla-ssa-nngil-agut</i> ''be.windy-FUT<b>-3sg.CAUS</b> leave-FUT-not-1pl.IND'' for ''Since it is going to be windy, we shan''t leave'' (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCristofaro, Sonia. 2008. Reason Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 127. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/127â€> http://wals.info/feature/127</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-19', '2008-10-19 14:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(371, 'Utterance Complements – Different Realization', '\r\nAn utterance complement is a complement clause which attributes an utterance to some speaker. In many languages, the class of introducing verbs include <i>say, tell,</i> and the like (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br>A ´yes´ value for this property indicates that the complement clause is similar to ordinary main clauses, except that it has some special marking. That is, it could not be pronounced independently of an introducing clause, but contains morphology specific to dependant clauses. \r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from Maricopa (Cristofaro 2008). Consider the following sentence:\r\n<br><br>\r\nNyaa ´i<b>-m</b> [Pam-sh mdiily maa<b>-k</b>] ´i-sh <br>\r\nI say<b>-REAL</b> [Pam-SUB bread eat<b>-LOC</b>] say-PERF <br>\r\n´I said that Pam ate the bread.´<br>\r\n<br>\r\nThe verb in the utterance complement bears the locative case marker <i><b>-k</b></i> instead of the usual tense, aspect, and mood marker(s). \r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Many languages have several strategies for introducing utterance complements. For these languages, each property should be valued ´yes´ independent of the other properties. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nCristofaro, Sonia. 2008. Utterance Complement Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 128. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/128â€> http://wals.info/feature/128</a href>. \r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-09-13', '2008-09-13 11:45:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(372, 'Verb Object (possible) ', 'The word order Verb Object  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:18:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(373, 'Verb Subject Object (neutral)', 'The word order Verb Subject Object is allowed in the unmarked case, that is, in stylistically unmarked contexts with no special focus on any of the constituents.\r\n\r\n<br><br> This order can be used as a response to the question:\r\n<i>What happened?</i>\r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S. 2008. Order of Subject, Object and Verb. In Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 81.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/81">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/81</a href>. Accessed on 2008-07-12.\r\n\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-07-12', '2008-07-12 01:42:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(374, 'Question Particle in Either of 2 Positions (neutral)', 'In the unmarked case, within stylistically unmarked contexts and with no focus placed on any particular constituent, the question particle used to elicit yes-no answers may occur in either of two positions in the clause. [EXAMPLE]\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nDryer, Matthew S.. 2008. Position of Polar Question Particles. In Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 92.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/92">http://wals.info/feature/92</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-07-15', '2008-07-15 12:10:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(375, 'Reason  Clauses - Non-finite (exist) ', 'A ''yes'' value indicates that the language has non-finite reason clauses. Such clauses can be gerunds, as in English <i>Being tired, I went to sleep</i>, infinitives, as in Italian <i>Per avere detto questo, ha ricevuto molte critiche</i> ''For have.INF said this, he.received many criticisms,'' or other non-finite clauses (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nCristofaro, Sonia. 2008. Reason Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 127. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/127â€> http://wals.info/feature/127</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-10-19', '2008-10-19 14:47:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(376, 'Utterance Complements – Different Clause Type ', 'An utterance complement is a complement clause which attributes an utterance to some speaker. In many languages, the class of introducing verbs include <i>say, tell,</i> and the like (Cristofaro 2008). \r\n\r\n<br><br>A ´yes´ value for this property indicates that the language has utterance complements clauses which are different from ordinary main clauses. These clauses tend to be various kinds of non-finite clauses. \r\n\r\n<br><br>An example comes from Italian, where complement clauses can be introduced by <i>di</i> plus an infinitive clause, as in the following sentence (Cristofaro 2008):\r\n\r\n<br><br>Dice di non poter venire.<br>\r\nsays.3sg of NEG can come.INF<br>\r\n´He/she says he/she cannot come.´\r\n\r\n<br><br>Another example come from Icelandic, where the verb <i>segja</i> takes an <i>-st</i> suffix followed by an infinitive clause:\r\n\r\n<br><br>\r\nJón seg-i-st vera þreyttur. <br>\r\nJohn say-s-ST be.INF tired <br>\r\n´John says he is tired.´\r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Note</b>: Many languages have several strategies for introducing utterance complements. For these languages, each property should be valued ´yes´ independent of the other properties. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>References</b><br>\r\nCristofaro, Sonia. 2008. Utterance Complement Clauses.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al. (2008), chapter 128. Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/128â€> http://wals.info/feature/128</a href>. \r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-09-13', '2008-09-13 11:47:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(377, 'Verb Object Adverb (possible)', 'The word order Verb Object Adverb  is possible. This order may be somehow marked or involve focus on one of the constituents. [NEED EXAMPLE]\r\n', 'Jim Wood', '2008-12-28', '2008-12-28 15:19:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(378, 'Yes-No Question particle (exist)', 'A <i>yes-no</i> question is a question that can be answered by either <i>yes</i> or <i>no</i>.\r\n\r\n<br><br>A ''yes'' value indicates that the language has a particle used to indicate that the sentence is a <i>yes-no</i> question. An example is Bulgarian, which uses the particle <i>li</i>, as in <i>Vidja <b>li</b> go?</i> ''saw.3sg <b>Q</b> him.ACC'' for ''Did (s)he see him?'' (Rudin et al. 1999).\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Glossing convention:</b> Yes-No question particles will be glossed Q. \r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nRudin, C., C. Kramer, L. Billings and M. Baerman. 1999. Macedonian and Bulgarian li Questions: Beyond Syntax. <i>Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 17</i> (3):541-586.', 'Chris Collins', '2008-05-04', '2008-05-04 15:37:00', '2009-01-19 15:21:53', '2009-01-19 15:21:53'),
(380, '3rd Person Pronoun Related to Demonstratives (Non-Human)', 'A language demonstrates this type of relationship when its 3rd person pronouns may only refer to human or animate objects, with demonstratives acting as the 3rd person pronouns for other beings or inanimate objects.  In Jaqaru, the 3rd person pronoun <i>upa</i> refers to humans, while the demonstratives <i>aka</i> ''this'' and <i>uka</i> ''that'' cover all other classes.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nBhat, D. N. S.. 2008. Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 43. Available online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/43">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/43</a href>.\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-04', '2008-08-04 18:19:00', '2009-01-19 15:32:42', '2009-01-19 15:32:42'),
(393, 'Future Tense', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:00:45', '2009-01-22 00:04:46', '2009-01-22 00:04:46'),
(399, 'Adpositions precede noun phrase', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:06:27', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(400, 'Comp Precedes Wh-word', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:06:47', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(401, 'Definite article precedes noun', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:07:02', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(402, 'Imperative form for 2-Person Plural', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:07:15', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(403, 'Imperative form for 2-Person Singular', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:07:30', '2009-01-22 00:09:11', '2009-01-22 00:09:11'),
(456, 'Indefinite_Article Noun', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:10:08', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(457, 'Noun_Phrase Adposition', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:15:32', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(460, 'Presence of Yes-No Question particle', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:20:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(461, 'Object clitic doubling', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:15:42', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(463, 'Presence of future verb form', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:18:54', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(464, 'Present tense interpreted as future', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:20:34', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(466, 'Indirect object clitic doubling', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:14:02', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(469, 'Presence of inflected infinitives', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:19:02', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(472, 'Presence of interrogative complementizer', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:19:11', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(474, 'Inflectional Prefixes', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:14:11', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(475, 'Presence of a participle in progressive', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:17:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(476, 'Presence of Obligatory Possessive Inflection', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:19:20', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(477, 'Presence of Passive', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:19:30', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(478, 'Inflectional Suffixes', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:14:24', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(479, 'Neutral Word Order = OSV', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:14:35', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(480, 'Presence of past imperfect verb form', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:19:38', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(481, 'Prohibitive (Imperative and Sentential Neg)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:20:42', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(483, 'Neutral Word Order = OVS', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:14:46', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(485, 'Presence of a restructuring verbs', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:17:58', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(486, 'Presence of Possessive Classes', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:19:45', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(487, 'Pronominal Gender (3SG and 3PL)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:20:57', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(488, 'Imperative form syncretic for 2-person', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:09:41', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(489, 'Neutral Word Order = SOV', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:14:57', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(491, 'Presence of body part adpositions', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:18:07', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(492, 'Presence of Serial Verb Constructions', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:19:54', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(493, 'Neutral Word Order = SVO', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:15:05', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(494, 'Obligatory Possessive Inflection (exist)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:16:34', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(495, 'Presence of Classifiers', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:18:15', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(496, 'Presence of Verbal Nouns', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:20:02', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(498, 'Indefinite article precedes noun', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:09:54', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(499, 'Neutral Word Order = VOS', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:15:14', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(500, 'Perfective Aspect', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:16:45', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(501, 'Presence of declarative complementizer', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:18:23', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(502, 'Presence of Verbal Nouns with clausal case marking', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:20:10', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(503, 'Neutral Word Order = VSO', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:15:23', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(504, 'Possibility of Verb-Subject-Object order', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:16:58', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(505, 'Presence of distinct habitual morpheme', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:18:34', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(506, 'Presence of Verbal Nouns with possessive case marking', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:20:18', '2009-01-22 00:30:26', '2009-01-22 00:30:26'),
(509, 'PP Object V (possible)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:17:20', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(510, 'V Object PP (neutral)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:21:08', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(511, 'V PP Object (neutral)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:21:24', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(512, 'Object PP V (neutral)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:15:53', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(513, 'V Object PP (possible)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:21:15', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(514, 'Object PP V (possible)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:16:08', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(515, 'PP V Object (neutral)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:17:29', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(516, 'Object V PP (possible)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:16:25', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(517, 'PP V Object (possible)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:17:38', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(518, 'V PP Object (possible)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:21:33', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(519, 'PP Object V (neutral)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:17:08', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(520, 'Pronominal Gender (3 and 1 and/or 2)', 'The independent personal pronouns of a language have gender in the 3rd person and in 1st and/or 2nd person (of any number).  For example, Hausa has gender distinctions only in the 3SG and 2SG.\r\n\r\n<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>\r\nSiewierska, Anna. 2008. Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns.\r\nIn Haspelmath et al (2008), chapter 44.\r\nAvailable online at <a href="http://wals.info/feature/44">\r\nhttp://wals.info/feature/44</a href>.\r\n\r\n', 'Angela Fink', '2008-08-04', '2008-08-04 20:05:00', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(521, 'Object V PP (neutral)', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:16:16', '2009-01-22 01:05:41', '2009-01-22 01:05:41'),
(526, 'Bodypart postpositions', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 01:31:44', '2009-01-22 01:34:19', '2009-01-22 01:34:19'),
(527, 'Presence of conditional verb form', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 01:31:59', '2009-01-22 01:34:19', '2009-01-22 01:34:19'),
(528, 'Verb-Subject-Object', '', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 01:32:12', '2009-01-22 01:34:19', '2009-01-22 01:34:19'),
(530, 'Presence of double negation for clausal negation', '\r\n', 'Hiral Rajani', '2009-01-22', '2009-01-22 00:18:45', '2009-01-23 13:31:28', '2009-01-23 13:31:28'),
(533, 'Adjective Agreement', 'The property Adjective Agreement has the value “yesâ€ when there is at least one adjective that shows agreement with the Noun Phrase it modifies or that it is predicated of. This definition applies to either attributive adjectives that modify a noun such as "big" in the phrase “big ballâ€ or predicate adjectives such as “bigâ€ in the sentence “The ball is big.â€<br><br>\r\n\r\nNA (Not Applicable): This property has the value NA for a language if it does not have adjectives.<br><br>\r\n\r\nExamples:<br><br>\r\n\r\n1.<br>\r\nItalian is “yesâ€ for the property of Adjective Agreement, since an adjective may agree in gender and number with the noun phrase it modifies, as in:<br><br>\r\n\r\ntre libr-i ross-i<br>\r\nthree books-MASC.PL red-MASC.PL<br>\r\n"Three red books"<br><br>\r\n\r\nNote: 	a large (but minority) class of adjectives (and nouns) in Italian show number alternation but no gender alternation, e.g. <i>intelligente</i> is singular for either gender and <i>intelligenti</i> is plural for either gender.  The whole class has <i>-e</i> in the singular and <i>-i</i> in the plural. <br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n2.<br>\r\nEnglish is “noâ€ for the property Adjective Agreement since adjectives never agree with the noun phrase they modify:<br><br>\r\n\r\none red book,<br>\r\nthree red books,<br>\r\nthree tall girls, <br>\r\nthree tall boys<br><br>\r\n\r\nSimilarly, adjectives never agree with the noun phrase they are predicated of:<br><br>\r\n\r\nThis book is red.<br>\r\nThese books are red.<br>\r\nThese girls are tall.<br>\r\nThese boys are tall.<br><br>\r\n\r\n3.<br>\r\nJapanese is “noâ€ for the property Adjective Agreement since adjectives never agree with the noun phrase they modify.<br><br>\r\n\r\ni-ssatu-no		akai	hon<br>\r\n1-Classifier-Gen	red	book<br>\r\n“one red bookâ€<br><br>\r\n\r\nsan-satu-no		akai	hon<br>\r\n3-Classifier-Gen 	red	book<br>\r\n“three red booksâ€\r\n', 'Andrea Cattaneo', '2008-05-04', '2008-05-04 15:41:00', '2009-05-15 22:40:05', '2009-05-15 22:40:05');
