An evidential is a grammaticalized way of encoding whether or not the speaker saw, heard, or experienced the event himself. <br><br>

A ‘yes’ value indicates that the language has a grammaticalized evidential in the form of a tense suffix. This is distinguished from just a separate evidential affix in that the tense suffixes automatically distinguish between direct and indirect evidentiality. <br><br>

For example, in Turkish, there are two past tense suffixes, depending on whether evidentiality is direct or indirect. The sentence <i>Ahmet gel-<b>miş</b></i> ‘Ahmet come-<b>PST.INDIR.EVD</b>’ indicates that the speaker’s evidence for Ahmet coming is indirect. In contrast, the sentence <i>Ahmet gel-<b>di</b></i> ‘Ahmet come-<b>PST.DIR.EVD</b>’ indicates that the speaker’s evidence for Ahmet coming is direct (he saw or heard it).

<br><br><b>Note</b>: Languages which do not have a grammaticalized way of encoding evidentiality will be marked <b>N/A</b>. 

<br><br><b>Glossing Convention</b>: Indirect evidentials will be glossed INDIR.EVD. Direct evidentials will be glossed DIR.EVD. 

<br><br><b>Reference</b><br>
de Haan, Ferdinand. 2008. Coding of Evidentiality.
In Haspelmath et al. 2008, chapter 78.
Available online at <a href=â€http://wals.info/feature/78â€> http://wals.info/feature/78</a href>.	
